Partition

Look up partition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Generally, a partition is a splitting of something into parts. The term is used in a variety of senses:

Law

• Partition (law), to divide up a piece of land into separate portions representing the proportionate interests of the tenants. It may also consist of dividing a property with common ownership into identifiable individual ownership

Computing

• Batch processing: splitting of a single batch job over a large number of processors.
• Disk partitioning: organization of a disk on PC systems
• RTOS or IMA partitioning: In the case of Integrated Modular Avionics and the use of Real-Time Operating Systems, there are at least four types of partitioning often required: spatial partitioning, temporal partitioning, control partitioning and resource partitioning. Using these techniques, high integrity processes are protected from other, or low integrity, processes.
• Hardware Partition, such as IBM LPAR or SUN Logical Domains
• Logical partition: division of a physical memory into protected areas
• Partition (database): division of a database into parts

Mathematics

• List of partition topics
• Partition of a set, a collection of non-empty subsets such that every element belongs to one and only one of the subsets
• Partition (number theory), a way to write a positive integer as a sum of other positive integers; the partition function gives the number of different ways to partition a number
• Multiplicative partition, a way to write an integer greater than 1 as a product of other integers that are also greater than 1.
• Partition problem, an NP-complete problem: given a set of integers, can the set be partitioned into two subsets with equal sums?
• A partition of unity is a set of functions whose sum is the constant function
• Partition of an interval, used in the theory of the Riemann integral and the Riemann-Stieltjes integral

Music

• Partition (music) — a method of creating segments from sets when the twelve-tone technique is used

Film

• Partition (1987 film)
• Partition (2007 film)

Physics and chemistry/biology

• Partition function (statistical mechanics)
• Partition function (quantum field theory)
• Partition coefficient

Political geography

• Partition (politics)

Notable examples are:

• Partitions of Poland and Poland-Lithuania in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries
• 1905 Partition of Bengal and 1947 Partition of Bengal
• Partition of India (colonial British India) in 1947 into the independent dominions (later republics) of India and Pakistan (which included modern day Bangladesh)
• Partition of Punjab in 1966 into the states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh
• Partition of Pakistan in 1971, when East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation War
• 1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine (region)
• Partition of Ireland in 1920 into the independent Irish Free State and Northern Ireland
• Treaty of Kars of 1921, which partitioned Ottoman Armenia between the republic of Turkey and the then Soviet Union (Western and Eastern Armenia)
• Partition of Vietnam in 1954
• Partitions of Luxembourg, last in 1838 into Duchy of Luxembourg and Belgian province
• The hypothetical partition of the Canadian province of Quebec

Furniture

• Office partitions, which may be used to form cubicles
• Folding screens such as Byōbu
• Industrial partitions generally constructed of wire mesh panels. These wire partitions are used to separate and/or secure different zones within an industrial manufacturing or distribution facility.

See also

• Division (disambiguation)
• Stratification

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