Pashtun culture

Part of a series on Pashtuns Etymology · Pashtunwali Language · Culture · Art Tribes · Diaspora Kingdoms (Lodi · Suri Hotak · Durrani · Barakzai) Afghanistan · Pakistan Pashtunistan · Pakhtunkhwa Pashtunization v t e

Pashtun culture (Pashto: پښتني هڅوب) is based on Pashtunwali, which is an ancient way of life, as well as speaking of the Pashto language and wearing Pashtun dress. The culture of the Pashtun people is highlighted since at least the time of Herodotus (484-425 BC) or Alexander the Great, when he explored the Afghanistan and Pakistan region in 330 BC. Over the different periods in history, the Pashtun culture has been influenced by the people of South and Western Asia to a certain degree. For example, just like with most other cultures in the area, it has been fully Islamised by Arabs during the Caliphate period.

Holidays and special events

The biggest holidays for Pashtuns is Eid ul-Fitr, Afghan Independence Day (August 19) and Pakistan Independence Day (August 14). Some also celebrate Nowruz, the Persian New Year. During these holidays, Pashtuns set up festivals in which they usually have cookouts in parks and go to fairs.

Pashto poetry

Afghanistan was noted for its poetic language even before the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan. The Pata Khazana contains Pashto poetry written as far back as the 8th Century. Some notable poets from the region of Afghanistan-Pakistan include Amir Kror Suri, Khushal Khan Khattak, Rahman Baba, Nazo Tokhi, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja Shah Durrani, Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, Khan Abdul Ghani Khan, and many others.^[3]

Pashtun men usually gather at special events and listen to Pashto poetry. There are TV programs which broadcast such events to the wider Pashtun audiences, one TV program is on AVT Khyber channel in Pakistan with Amanullah Kakar as the presenter.

Music and dances

A man playing rubab in Farah, Afghanistan.

Traditional Pashto music is mostly klasik ghazals, using rubab or sitar, tabla, portable harmonium, flute and several other musical instruments. Today's modern Pashto music is influenced by neighboring music such as Bollywood filmi as well as western or European.

Among the dozens of different folk dances known as Atanrh^[4][5] (Pashto: اتڼ; ALA-LC Romanization: Ataṇ), also referred to as Atan or Attan, are the following:

Attan dance

In this dance, the dancers perform to the beat of the musician. This dance typically performed by men & women. It involves 2-5 steps, ending with a clap given while facing the center, after which the process is repeated again. The hip and arms are put in a sequential movement including left and right tilts, with the wrists twisting in sequence, with ultimately a hand is projected outward and brought in a 'scoop-like' fashion towards the center where the other hand meets it for a clap. This dance is typically performed with the musician dictating the duration and speed.

Khattak dance

A man doing Khattak Dance in Pakistan

The Khattak Dance is performed by the Khattak tribe, mainly in Pakistan but also in some eastern parts of Afghanistan.

Mahsud dance

A unique dance routine using rifles performed by the Mahsud tribe of Pashtuns. Originally it was used to dance at the time of war, but later on became a cultural dance. The dancers dance empty handed and require only large drums. Nowadays though it is danced with the guns in the dancers hand; loaded guns are taken in one hand, up to the beat of the drum the dancers move forward in a circle. After taking two and half steps, each dancer turns about, and cocks the gun. All the dancers do this in a uniform manner and by completing the turning steps they fire in the air simultaneously. The sound of each of the guns goes on one time and seems to be a single big bang.

Waziri dance

Waziristan is a large area and has particular Pashtun culture. Two drummers and a flute player play a particular tune. All the Wazirs standing around them. Two persons leave the circle; go dancing towards the drummers, and come back dancing in the same manner. During performing both the persons turn around two times at a time once towards each other facing face to face and once keeping faces in opposite direction. After doing this separately they march while dancing to the assembled crowd. As they reach the circle another pair of the performers start and moving forward in the same fashion.

Clothing

Pashtun dress of Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Pashtun men usually wear salwar kameez with a turban or a pakul hat. In the Kandahar region young men usually wear different color topi and in the Peshawar region they wear white kufis instead. Leaders or tribal chiefs sometimes wear a karakul hat, like Hamid Karzai and others.

Women and girls wear traditional long dresses with a light piece of cloth used to cover their hair.

Cuisine

Sport

Cricket

Football

Buzkashi and polo

Some Pashtuns in Central Asia participate in buzkashi, which is a sport introduced in the region during the Mongol period from the 13th century and onward. The word "buz" means "goat" and "kashi" means "dragging" or "pulling" in the Persian language. The basic objective is to carry the headless carcass of a calf or goat around a flag and back to the starting point while on horseback with other riders trying to do the same thing by taking the carcass away from you. Not a team sport, it is every man for himself and that becomes apparent as soon as the game starts. It is played on a large open dusty field which does not appear to have many boundaries. The game is a microcosm of power politics in Afghanistan. Although buskashi is primarily an individual sport, alliances are built up between various players. Between the alliances, the strongest players finally take control (or in this case the remnants of a headless calf) and ride off to victory.

See also

• Pashtun tribes
• Pashtunistan
• Pre-Islamic scripts in Afghanistan

Gallery

Notes and references

1. ^ Afghan Monarchs: Sher Shah Suri, Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan, Amir Kror Suri. London: General Books. 2010. pp. 26. ISBN 1-156-38425-7, 9781156384251. http://books.google.com/books?id=bDSWSQAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved 2010-09-26. 
2. ^ Afghanistan. 20-22. Historical Society of Afghanistan. 1967. p. 47. http://books.google.com/books?id=zhrjAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved 2010-09-26. 
3. ^ Afghanistan Online, Classical Dari and Pashto Poets
4. ^ [1]
5. ^ [2]

v t e Pashtuns Key figures Amir Kror Suri · Ibrahim Lodi · Sher Shah Suri · Khushal Khan Khattak · Rahman Baba · Ghiasuddin Ghori · Shahabuddin Ghori · Ala'uddin Ghilzai · Bahlul Khan Lodi · Nazo Tokhi · Mirwais Hotak · Ashraf Hotaki · Mahmud Hotaki · Mahmud Hotaki · Ahmad Shah Durrani · Timur Shah Durrani · Zaman Shah Durrani · Azad Shah Afghan · Jamaluddin Afghan · Akbar Khan · Malalai of Maiwand · Ayub Khan · Abdur Rahman Khan · Mullah Powindah · Faqir of Ipi · Amanullah Khan · Nadir Shah · Bacha Khan · Zahir Shah · Daoud Khan · Abdul Ahad Mohmand · Samad Khan · Nur Muhammad Taraki · Hafizullah Amin · Wali Khan Culture Pashtunwali · Pashto language · Pashtun tribes · Pashtun dress · Loya jirga · Attan · Khattak Dance · Mahsud Dance · Adam Khan and Durkhanai · Yusuf Khan and Sherbano Poets Amir Kror Suri · Pir Roshan · Rahman Baba · Khushal Khan Khattak · Nazo Tokhi · Abdul Hamid Baba · Hussain Hotaki · Ahmad Shah Durrani · Hamza Baba · Malang Jan · Ajmal Khattak · Kabir Stori · Ghani Khan Topics and controversies Durand Line · Khudai Khidmatgar · Pashtunistan · Kalabagh Dam · Taliban · Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Battles and conflicts First Battle of Panipat · Battle of Gulnabad · Third Battle of Panipat · First Anglo-Afghan War · Battle of Attock · Battle of Multan · Battle of Shopian · Battle of Nowshera · Battle of Jamrud (1837) · Siege of Malakand · Second Anglo-Afghan War · Battle of Maiwand · Tirah Campaign · Battle of Saragarhi · Third Anglo-Afghan War · Soviet war in Afghanistan · War in Afghanistan (2001–present) · War in North-West Pakistan