Pasteurellosis
McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Encyclopedia:
Top
Pasteurellosis
A variety of infectious diseases caused by the coccobacilli Pasteurella multocida and P. haemolytica; the term also applies to diseases caused by any Pasteurella species. All Pasteurella species occur as commensals in the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts of their various hosts. Although varieties of some species cause primary disease, many of the infections are secondary to other infections or result from various environmental stresses. Pasteurella species are generally extracellular parasites that elicit mainly a humoral immune response. Several virulence factors have been identified. See also Virulence.
Pasteurella multocida is the most prevalent species of the genus causing a wide variety of infections in many domestic and wild animals, and humans. It is a primary or, more frequently, a secondary pathogen of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and other animals. As a secondary invader, it is often involved in pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle (shipping fever) and in enzootic or mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. It is responsible for a variety of sporadic infections in many animals, including abortion, encephalitis, and meningitis. It produces severe mastitis in cattle and sheep, and toxin-producing strains are involved in atrophic rhinitis, an economically important disease of swine. Hemorrhagic septicemia, caused by capsular type B strains, has been reported in elk and deer in the United States.
All strains of P. haemolytica produce a soluble cytotoxin (leukotoxin) that kills various leukocytes of ruminants, thus lowering the primary pulmonary defense. It is the principal cause of the widespread pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle. Other important diseases caused by certain serotypes of P. haemolytica are mastitis of ewes and septicemia of lambs.
All of the Pasteurella species can be isolated by culturing appropriate clinical specimens on blood agar. Multiple drug resistance is frequently encountered. Treatment is effective if initiated early. Among the drugs used are penicillin and streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, and some cephalosporins. Sound sanitary practices and segregation of affected animals may help limit the spread of the major pasteurelloses. Live vaccines and bacterins (killed bacteria) are used for the prevention of some. See also Pasteurella.
American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary:
Top
pas·teu·rel·lo·sis
(păs'chər-ə-lō'sĭs, păs'tər-)
n.
n.
Infection with bacteria of the genus Pasteurella.
Word Tutor:
Top
pasteurellosis
IN BRIEF: n. - An acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:
Top
pasteurellosis
Infection with organisms of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia. In animals includes septicemic pasteurellosis, pneumonic pasteurellosis, both of cattle, snuffles in rabbits and pasteurellosis of swine, sheep and goats. The causative bacteria include Pasteurella multocida types A, B, C and D, and Mannheimia haemolytica.
- epidemic p. — see hemorrhagic septicemia.
- ovine, porcine and caprine p. — the more common pneumonic disease is caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and the septicemic disease by Pasteurella trehalosi.
- pneumonic p. — the common pasteurellosis of cattle caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and sometimes Pasteurella multocida type A. Characterized by acute bronchopneumonia with fever, dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, weak cough, severe toxemia and death in 24 to 48 hours.
- septicemic p. — see hemorrhagic septicemia.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
Top
Pasteurellosis
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2011) |
| Pasteurellosis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A28.0 |
| ICD-9 | 027.2 |
| MeSH | D010326 |
Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacteria genus Pasteurella,[1] which is found in humans and animals.
Pasteurella multocida (P. septica) is carried in mouth and respiratory tract of several animals, notably cats. It is a small Gram negative bacillus with bipolar staining by Wayson stain. In animals it can originate fulminant septicaemia (chicken cholera), but is also a common commensal.
Pasteurellosis in humans is associated with a close animal contact, and may be transmitted by cat bite.
|
Contents
|
Types
There are several forms of the infection:
- Skin/subcutaneous tissue disease is a septic phlegmon that develops classically in the hand and forearm after cat bite. Inflammatory signs are very rapid to develop; in 1 or 2 hours, edema, severe pain and serosanguineous exudate appear. Fever, moderate or very high can be seen along with vomiting, headache and diarrhea. Lymphangitis is usual. Complications are possible, in the form of septic arthritis, osteitis or evolution to chronicity.
- Sepsis is very rare, but can be as fulminant as septicaemic plague, with high fever, rigors and vomiting, followed by shock and coagulopathy.
- Pneumonia disease is also rare and appears in patients with some chronic pulmonary pathology. It usually presents as bilateral consolidating pneumonia, sometimes very severe.
Other locations are possible, such as septic arthritis, meningitis and acute endocarditis, but are very rare.
Pasteurellosis in animals
P. multocida causes numerous pathological conditions in domestic animals. It often acts together with other infectious agents, like Chlamydiae, Mycoplasmae and viruses. Environmental conditions (transportation, housing deficiency, and bad weather) also play a role.
The following diseases are considered caused by P. multocida, alone or associated to other pathogens:
- Shipping fever in cattle and sheep.
- Enzootic pneumonia of sheep (and goats, with frequent intervention of Mannheimia haemolytica)
- Fowl cholera (chicken and other domestic poultry and cage birds)
- Enzootic pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis of pigs
- Pasteurellosis of chinchillas
- Pasteurellosis of rabbits
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made with isolation of Pasteurella multocida in a normally sterile site ( blood, pus or CSF).
Treatment
Pasteurellosis is usually treated with high dose penicillin. Either tetracycline or chloramphenicol provides an alternative in beta-lactam intolerant patients.
See also
References
- ^ Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9 . http://www.horizonpress.com/past.
External links
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Encyclopedia
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Read more
Word Tutor
Copyright © 2004-present by eSpindle Learning, a 501(c) nonprofit organization. All rights reserved.
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; sign up free. Read more
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; sign up free. Read more
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
Read more
