Patriot Parliament
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Patriot Parliament
The Patriot Parliament is the name given to the session of the Irish Parliament called by King James II of Ireland during the War of the Two Kings in 1689. The parliament met in one session, from 7 May 1689 to 20 July 1689, and was the only session of the Irish Parliament under King James II.
The Irish House of Lords had Lord Fitton as Lord Chancellor of Ireland on the woolsack. The Irish House of Commons elected Sir Richard Nagle as its Speaker.
The previous session of the Irish parliament had been in 1666.
Name
The name "Patriot Parliament" was first used in 1893 by Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, an Irish nationalist historian, in his edition of essays by his old friend Thomas Davis.[1][2] In 1843 Davis himself had described the parliament as a "patriot Senate" in his essay "The Irish Parliament of James II".[3]
Legislation
The Act of Recognition was the first act of Parliament. It recognised James's right to the Imperial Crown of Ireland. It compared the usurpation by the Prince of Orange to the murder of his father King Charles I, emphasized indefeasible hereditary rights, and that the monarchy was founded on the Divine right of kings, and was not the result of any supposed contract between a king and his subjects.[4]
The Declaratory Act affirmed that the Kingdom of Ireland had always been "distinct" from that of England, and that no Act of the English Parliament was binding on Ireland unless passed by the Irish Parliament [5][6] Poynings' Law however, remained as statute law.[7]
Parliament also passed legislation or resolutions to effect:
- Liberty of Conscience: full freedom of worship and civic and political equality for Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters and the repeal of the Oath of Supremacy, but with the retention of the Act of Uniformity. James sought the abolition of penalties against liberty of conscience but did not seek to remove himself as head of the Church.[8]
- Repeal of the 1652 Cromwellian land settlement, and the Act of Settlement 1662, and therefore a return of all lands forfeited in 1652 to the descendants of the former owners at the time of the 1641 rebellion.
- a Bill of attainder, "An Act for the Attainder of Divers Rebels, and for the Preserving the Interest of Loyal Subjects", named 2,000 treasonous Williamites, being opponents of James II, who were to lose their property and their lives.[9][10]
Firth says that King James was opposed to the last two measures, but was "overborne by Tyrconnell and the Irish nationalists".
Repeals
The legislation was repealed by the English Parliament[11] by the "Crown and Parliament Recognition Act 1689", which was also passed by the next Irish Parliament in 1692.[12]
Composition
The Parliament was overwhelmingly Old English and Roman Catholic,[13] however, Church of Ireland Bishops retained their place as the Lords Spiritual in the House of Lords.
House of Lords
| Title | Peers | |
|---|---|---|
| Lord Chancellor of Ireland | Sir Alexander Fitton (Baron Gawsworth) | |
| Earls | Earl of Barrymore, Earl of Clancarty, Earl of Granard, Earl of Limerick, Earl of Longford, Earl of Tyrone, Earl of Westmeath | |
| Viscounts | Viscount Dillon, Viscount Galway, Viscount Glanmalira, Viscount Magennis of Iveagh, Viscount Kenmare, Viscount Killmallock, Viscount Mountcashell, Viscount Mountgarret, Viscount Rosse | |
| Bishops | Bishop of Cork, Bishop of Limerick, Bishop of Meath, Bishop of Ossory, | |
| Barons | Baron Athenry, Baron Boffin, Baron Brittas, Baron Cahir, Baron Castleconnell, Baron Dunboyne, Baron Dunsany, Baron Enniskillen, Baron Howth, Baron Kinsale, Baron Riverstown, Baron Slane, Baron Strabane, Baron Trimlestown, Baron Upper Ossory |
Baron Fitton of Gawsworth
House of Commons
County Antrim |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antrim County | Cormuck O'Neale | Randal Mac Donnell | ||
| Belfast | Marcus Talbot | Daniel O'Neale | ||
County Armagh |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Armagh County | Francis Stafford | Constantine O'Neale | ||
County Carlow |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Carlow Borough | Marcus Baggot | John Warren | ||
| Carlow County | Dudley Bagenal | (1638–1712) | Henry Luttrell (Colonel) | (d. 1717) |
| Old Leighlin | Darby Long | Daniel Doran | ||
County Cavan |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Belturbet | Sir Edward Tyrrel Bt. | Philip Tuite | Newcastle, County Cavan | |
| Cavan Borough | Philip Oge O'Reyly | Hugh Reyley | Lara[disambiguation needed  ] |
|
| Cavan County | Philip Reyley | Aghnecrevy | John Reyly (Patriot Parliament)|John Reyly | Garirobuck |
County Clare |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Clare County | Daniel O'Brien | John MacNamara | Crattlagh | |
| Ennis | Florence MacNamara | Dromod | Theobald Butler[disambiguation needed ] |
Shrangaloon |
County Cork |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Cork City | Sir James Fitz Edmond Cotter | knight | John Galloway | |
| Cork County | Justin Mac Carthy | Sir Richard Nagle | Clogher, knight | |
| Kinsale | Andrew Murrogh | Miles de Coursey | ||
| Baltimore | Daniel O'Donovan (MP Baltimore) | chief | Jeremiah O'Donovan | chief |
| Bandonbridge | Charles Mac Carthy | Ballea | Daniel Mac Carthy | MacCarthy Reagh |
| Charleville | John Baggot, Sr. | Baggotstown | John Power | Killballane |
| Clonakilty (also Cloghnakilty) | Lt.-Col. Owen McCarthy | Daniel Fionn McCarthy | ||
| Doneraile | Daniel O'Donovan (MP Doneraile) | John Baggot, Jr. | Baggotstown | |
| Midleton | Dermod Long | John Long | ||
| Mallow (also Moyallow) | John Barret | Castlemore | David Nagle | Carragowne |
| Rathcormack | James Barry | Edward Powel | ||
| Youghal | Thomas Uniack | alderman | Edward Gough | alderman |
County Dublin |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dublin City | Sir Michael Creagh | Lord Mayor of Dublin, knight | Terence Dermot, Sr. | alderman |
| Dublin County | Simon Luttrell | Luttrellstowne | Patrick Sarsfield | Lucan |
| Newcastle | Thomas Arthur | Colganstown | John Talbot | Belgard |
| Swords | Francis Barnwall | Woodparke, Co. Meath | Robert Russell | Drynham |
County Down |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Down County | Murtogh Mac Gennis | Green-Castle | Ever Mac Gennis | Castlewellan |
| Killyleagh (also Killileagh) | Bernard Mac Gennis | Ballygorianbeg | Torl O'Neile | Drummekelly |
| Newry | Rowland White | Rowland Savage | ||
County Galway |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athenry | James Talbot | Mount Talbot | Charles Daly | Dunsandle |
| Galway Borough | Oliver Martin | John Kirwan | ||
| Galway County | Sir Ulick Burke | Glinsk | Sir Walter Blake | |
| Tuam | James Lally | Tullindaly | William Bourk | Carrowfrila |
County Kerry |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ardfert | Col. Roger MacElligot | Cornelius Mac Gillicuddy | ||
| Dingle (also Dingle Icouch) | Edward Rice FitzJames | Ballinelig, County Limerick | John Hussey | Culmullin |
| Kerry County | Nicholas Brown | Sir Thomas Crosby | knight | |
| Tralee | Maurice Hussey | Kerrys | James Hackett | alderman |
County Kildare |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athy | William FitzGerald | William Archbold | ||
| Harristown | James Nihell | Edmond FitzGerald | ||
| Kildare Borough | Francis Leigh | Robert Porter | ||
| Kildare County | John Wogan | George Aylmer | ||
| Naas | Walter Lord Dungan | Charles White | ||
County Kilkenny |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Callan | Walter Butler | Thady Meagher | ||
| Gowran | Colonel Robert Fielding | womaniser | Walter Kelly | doctor of physick |
| Inistioge | Edward FitzGerald | James FitzGerald | ||
| Kilkenny City | John Rooth | Mayor | James Bryan | alderman |
| Kilkenny County | John Grace | Courtstown | Robert Walsh | Cloneneassy |
| Knocktopher | Harvey Morres | Henry Meagh | ||
| Thomastown | Robert Grace Sr. | Robert Grace Jr. | ||
King's County (Offaly) |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Banagher | Terence Coghlan | Esq. | Terence Coghlan | gent. |
| King's County | Heward Oxburgh | Owen Carrol | ||
| Philipstown | John Connor | Heward Oxburgh | ||
County Leitrim |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Jamestown | Alexander Mac Donnell | William Shanley | ||
| Leitrim | Edmond Reynolds | Iriel Farrell | ||
County Limerick |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Askeaton | John Bourke | Cahirmoyhill | Edward Rice | |
| Kilmallock | Sir William Hurley, Bt. | John Lacy | ||
| Limerick City | Nicholas Arthur | alderman | Thomas Harrold | alderman |
| Limerick County | Sir John FitzGerald, Bt. | Gerald FitzGerald | Knight of Glin | |
County Longford |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Lanesborough | Oliver FitzGerald | Roger Farrell | ||
| Longford County | Roger Farrell | Robert Farrell | ||
| St Johnstown | Sir William Ellis | knight | Lt.-Col. James Nugent | |
County Louth |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ardee | Hugh Gernon | John Babe | ||
| Carlingford | Christopher Peppard FitzIgnatius | Bryan Dermot | ||
| Dundalk | Robert Dermot | John Dowdall | ||
| Drogheda | Henry Dowdall | recorder | Christopher Peppard FitzGeorge | alderman |
| Louth | Thomas Bellew | William Talbot | ||
County Mayo |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Castlebar | John Bermingham | portreeve | Thomas Bourke | |
| Mayo County | Gerald Moore | Walter Bourke | ||
County Meath |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athboy | John Trynder | Robert Longfield | ||
| Kells | Patrick Everard | John Delamare | ||
| Meath County | Sir William Talbot, Bt. | Sir Patrick Barnwall, Bt. | ||
| Navan | Christopher Cusack | Corballis | Christopher Cusack | Rathaldran |
| Ratoath | John Hussey | James FitzGerald | ||
| Trim | Capt. Nicholas Cusacke | Walter Nangle | ||
County Monaghan |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Bryan Mac Mahon | Hugh Mac Mahon | |||
Queen's County (Laois) |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ballynakill | Sir Gregory Byrne, Bt. | Oliver Grace | Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer | |
| Maryborough | Pierce Bryan | Thady FitzPatrick | ||
| Maryborough | Sir Henry Bond, Bt. | Sir Thomas Hacket | knight | |
| Queen's County | Sir Patrick Trant | knight | Edmond Morres | |
County Roscommon |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Boyle | Capt. John King | Terence Mac Dermot | alderman | |
| Roscommon Borough | John Dillon | John Kelly | ||
| Roscommon County | Charles Kelly | John Bourke | ||
County Sligo |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Sligo Borough | Terence Mac Donogh | James French | ||
| Sligo County | Henry Crofton | Longford House, Beltra | Oliver O'Gara | |
County Tipperary |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Cashel | Denis Kearny | alderman | James Hackett | alderman |
| Clonmel | Nicholas White | alderman | John Bray | alderman |
| Fethard | Sir John Everard, Bt. | James Tobin | Fethard | |
| Tipperary | Nicholas Purcell | Loughmore | James Butler | Graingebegg |
County Tyrone |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dungannon | Arthur O'Neale | Peter Donnelly | Dungannon | |
| Strabane | Christopher Nugent | Daniel Donnelly | ||
| Tyrone | Colonel Gordon O'Neale | Lewis Doe | Dungannon | |
University of Dublin |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dublin University | Sir John Meade | knight | Joseph Coghlan | |
County Waterford |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dungarvan | John Hore | Martin Hore | ||
| Waterford City | John Porter | Nicholas FitzGerald | ||
| Waterford County | John Power | Matthew Hore | ||
County Westmeath |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athboy | John Nugent | Donore | Christopher Nugent | Dardistown |
| Athlone | Edmond Malone | Ballynahoune | Edmond Malone | counsellor at law |
| Fore (also Fowre) | Patrick Everard | John Delamare | ||
| Kilbeggan | Bryan Geoghegan | Donore | Charles Geoghegan | Syonane |
| Mullingar | Gerald Dillon | prime sergeant | Edmond Nugent | Carlanstowne |
| Westmeath County | William Nugent | Hon. Col. Henry Dillon | ||
County Wexford |
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| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Bannow | Francis Plowden | Dr. Alexius Stafford | ||
| Clonmines (also Cloghmine) | Edward Sherlock | Dublin City | Nicholas White | Rosse, merhcant |
| Enniscorthy | James Devereux | Carigmenan | Arthur Waddington | portreeve |
| Fethard | Rt Hon. Col. James Porter | Capt. Nicholas Stafford | ||
| Gorey (also Newburgh) | Abraham Strange | Toberduffe | Richard Doyle | Kilcorky |
| New Ross | Luke Dormer | Richard Butler | ||
| Taghmon | George Hore | Polehore | Walter Hore | Harperstown |
| Wexford Borough | William Talbot | Francis Rooth | merchant | |
| Wexford County | Walter Butler | Monfin | Patrick Colclough | Mochury |
County Wicklow |
||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Blessington | James Eustace | Maurice Eustace | ||
| Carysfort | Hugh Roe Byrne | Pierce Archbold | (upon default of whose appearance Bartholomew Polewhele) | |
| Wicklow Borough | Francis Toole | Thomas Byrne | ||
| Wicklow County | Richard Butler | William Talbot | ||
Later interpretation
That the Parliament had declared Ireland's autonomy was of interest to 19th century Irish nationalists, in particular the Young Irelander Thomas Davis[14] who wrote a history of the parliament as an inspiration to his fellow countrymen.[15]
References
- ^ "The Nation" paper, essays in several issues, 1843 by TO Davis; reprinted in 1893 as The Patriot Parliament of 1689: With its statutes, votes and proceedings" Edited with an introduction by the Hon. Sir Charles Gavan Duffy.
- ^ Bartlett, Thomas Ireland: a History Cambridge University Press (2010) p135
- ^ The Irish Parliament of James II, Celt e-text online, p.4
- ^ Harris, Tim Revolution:The Great Crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p439
- ^ Harris, Tim Revolution:The Great Crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p444
- ^ Simms, J.G. Jacobite Ireland 1685-91 Routledge and Kegan Paul (1969)p80
- ^ Bartlett, Thomas Ireland: a History Cambridge University Press (2010)p135
- ^ Harris, Tim Revolution:The Great Crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p441
- ^ See Firth C.H. "A commentary on Macaulay's History of England", republished by Routledge, London 1964, pp 211-212. In his "History of England from the Accession of James the Second" (London, 1855), pp 216-220, Macaulay had said that there were 3,000 such attainders.
- ^ See also Butler, WFT "Confiscation in Irish History" Talbot Press, Dublin 1917 and 1918, pp.215-216. "... if we follow King as corrected by Davis, between eighteen and nineteen hundred persons were attainted; and if we follow Harris, and a pamphlet cited by Davis as "the List" the number may possibly be two thousand two hundred.
- ^ Hill, Christopher The century of revolution, 1603-1714 Routledge 2nd edition (2001) p256
- ^ Text of Crown Recognition Act (Ireland) 1692
- ^ Harris, Tim Revolution:The Great Crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p437
- ^ Moody,T. W., Martin,F. X. & Byrne, F. J. A New History of Ireland, Volume 3: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691 Oxford University Press (2009) p491
- ^ Sullivan, Eileen A. Thomas Davis Bucknell University Press; New edition (1979) pp25-26 & passim
Text of Acts
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