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Ergavia subrufa was created in 1897.
Ergavia subrufa was created in 1897.
Deinopis subrufa was created in 1879.
There are many different kinds of turtles Pancake turtle, Giant turtle, Box turtle, Snapping turtles, Red eared slider turtle, Painted turtle,Spotted turtle, Sea turtle, loggerhead turtle, leatherback turtle, bog turtle, wood turtle, Blanding turtle, Barbours map turtle, Red bellied turtle, Diamondback terrapin turtle, Florida cooter, Arizona mud turtle, Florida softshell turtle, Stripeneck musk turtle, and the Pacific ridley and many many more
Turtle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Turtle (disambiguation). Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines (the crown group of the superorder Chelonia), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield. "Turtle" may either refer to the Testudines as a whole, or to particular Testudines which make up a form taxon that is not monophyletic.
The order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago,[2] making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards, snakes and crocodiles. Of the many species alive today, some are highly endangered.[3]
Like other reptiles, turtles are ectotherms-their internal temperature varies according to the ambient environment, commonly called cold-blooded. However, leatherback sea turtles have noticeably higher body temperature than surrounding water because of their high metabolic rate.
Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic.
Contents[hide]- 1 Anatomy and morphology
- 1.1 Neck folding
- 1.2 Head
- 1.3 Shell
- 1.4 Skin and molting
- 1.5 Limbs
- 2 Ecology and life history
- 3 Systematics and evolution
- 3.1 Turtle genera with basal or uncertain phylogenetic position
- 3.2 Suborder †Proganochelydia
- 3.3 Suborder Cryptodira
- 3.4 Suborder Pleurodira
- 4 Turtle, tortoise, or terrapin
- 5 Distribution
- 6 Fossil record
- 7 Genomics
- 8 As pets
- 9 As food, traditional medicine, and cosmetics
- 10 Conservation status
- 11 In culture
- 11.1 On coins
- 11.2 In heraldry
- 12 See also
- 13 References
- 14 Further reading
- 15 External links
The largest living chelonian is the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which reaches a shell length of 200 centimetres (6.6 ft) and can reach a weight of over 900 kilograms (2,000 lb). Freshwater turtles are generally smaller, but with the largest species, the Asian softshell turtle Pelochelys cantorii, a few individuals have been reported up to 200 centimetres (6.6 ft). This dwarfs even the better-known alligator snapping turtle, the largest chelonian in North America, which attains a shell length of up to 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) and weighs as much as 113.4 kilograms (250 lb).[4] Giant tortoises of the genera Geochelone, Meiolania, and others were relatively widely distributed around the world into prehistoric times, and are known to have existed in North and South America, Australia, and Africa. They became extinct at the same time as the appearance of man, and it is assumed humans hunted them for food. The only surviving giant tortoises are on the Seychelles and Galápagos Islands, and can grow to over 130 centimetres (51 in) in length, and weigh about 300 kilograms (660 lb).[5]
The largest ever chelonian was Archelon ischyros, a Late Cretaceous sea turtle known to have been up to 4.6 metres (15 ft) long.[6]
The smallest turtle is the speckled padloper tortoise of South Africa. It measures no more than 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length and weighs about 140 grams (4.9 oz). Two other species of small turtles are the American mud turtles and musk turtles that live in an area that ranges from Canada to South America. The shell length of many species in this group is less than 13 centimetres (5.1 in) in length. A red-eared slider turtle with eyes closer to the end of the head, keeping only the nostrils and the eyes above the water surface
African spurred tortoise at a zoo in the Czech Republic
Neck foldingTurtles are divided into two groups, according to how they evolved a solution to the problem of withdrawing their necks into their shells (something the ancestral Proganochelys could not do): the Cryptodira, which can draw their necks in while contracting it under their spine; and the Pleurodira, which contract their necks to the side. HeadMost turtles that spend most of their lives on land have their eyes looking down at objects in front of them. Some aquatic turtles, such as snapping turtles and soft-shelled turtles, have eyes closer to the top of the head. These species of turtles can hide from predators in shallow water, where they lie entirely submerged except for their eyes and nostrils. Sea turtles possess glands near their eyes that produce salty tears that rid their body of excess salt taken in from the water they drink.Turtles are thought to have exceptional night vision due to the unusually large number of rod cells in their retinas. Turtles have color vision with a wealth of cone subtypes with sensitivities ranging from the near ultraviolet (UV A) to red. Some land turtles have very poor pursuit movement abilities, which are normally reserved for predators that hunt quick moving prey, but carnivorous turtles are able to move their heads quickly to snap.
Turtles have a rigid beak. Turtles use their jaws to cut and chew food. Instead of teeth, the upper and lower jaws of the turtle are covered by horny ridges. Carnivorous turtles usually have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Herbivorous turtles have serrated-edged ridges that help them cut through tough plants. Turtles use their tongues to swallow food, but they cannot, unlike most reptiles, stick out their tongues to catch food.
ShellMain article: Turtle shellThe upper shell of the turtle is called the carapace. The lower shell that encases the belly is called the plastron. The carapace and plastron are joined together on the turtle's sides by bony structures called bridges. The inner layer of a turtle's shell is made up of about 60 bones that include portions of the backbone and the ribs, meaning the turtle cannot crawl out of its shell. In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis. Scutes are made up of a fibrous protein called keratin that also makes up the scales of other reptiles. These scutes overlap the seams between the shell bones and add strength to the shell. Some turtles do not have horny scutes. For example, the leatherback sea turtle and the soft-shelled turtles have shells covered with leathery skin instead.
The rigid shell means turtles cannot breathe as other reptiles do, by changing the volume of their chest cavity via expansion and contraction of the ribs. Instead, turtles breathe in two ways. First, they employ buccal pumping, pulling air into their mouth, then pushing it into the lungs via oscillations of the floor of the throat. Secondly, by contracting the abdominal muscles that cover the posterior opening of the shell, the internal volume of the shell increases, drawing air into the lungs, allowing these muscles to function in much the same way as the mammalian diaphragm.
The shape of the shell gives helpful clues to how a turtle lives. Most tortoises have a large, dome-shaped shell that makes it difficult for predators to crush the shell between their jaws. One of the few exceptions is the African pancake tortoise, which has a flat, flexible shell that allows it to hide in rock crevices. Most aquatic turtles have flat, streamlined shells which aid in swimming and diving. American snapping turtles and musk turtles have small, cross-shaped plastrons that give them more efficient leg movement for walking along the bottom of ponds and streams.
The color of a turtle's shell may vary. Shells are commonly colored brown, black, or olive green. In some species, shells may have red, orange, yellow, or grey markings and these markings are often spots, lines, or irregular blotches. One of the most colorful turtles is the eastern painted turtle which includes a yellow plastron and a black or olive shell with red markings around the rim.
Tortoises, being land-based, have rather heavy shells. In contrast, aquatic and soft-shelled turtles have lighter shells that help them avoid sinking in water and swim faster with more agility. These lighter shells have large spaces called fontanelles between the shell bones. The shells of leatherback sea turtles are extremely light because they lack scutes and contain many fontanelles.
Skin and moltingSnapping turtle tail, Blue Hills Reservation, MassachusettsAs mentioned above, the outer layer of the shell is part of the skin; each scute (or plate) on the shell corresponds to a single modified scale. The remainder of the skin is composed of skin with much smaller scales, similar to the skin of other reptiles. Turtles do not molt their skins all at once, as snakes do, but continuously, in small pieces. When kept in aquaria, small sheets of dead skin can be seen in the water (often appearing to be a thin piece of plastic) having been sloughed off when the animal deliberately rubs itself against a piece of wood or stone. Tortoises also shed skin, but a lot of dead skin is allowed to accumulate into thick knobs and plates that provide protection to parts of the body outside the shell.
By counting the rings formed by the stack of smaller, older scutes on top of the larger, newer ones, it is possible to estimate the age of a turtle, if one knows how many scutes are produced in a year.[7] This method is not very accurate, partly because growth rate is not constant, but also because some of the scutes eventually fall away from the shell.
LimbsTerrestrial tortoises have short, sturdy feet. Tortoises are famous for moving slowly, in part because of their heavy, cumbersome shell, which restricts stride length.The amphibious turtles normally have limbs similar to those of tortoises, except the feet are webbed and often have long claws. These turtles swim using all four feet in a way similar to the dog paddle, with the feet on the left and right side of the body alternately providing thrust. Large turtles tend to swim less than smaller ones, and the very big species, such as alligator snapping turtles, hardly swim at all, preferring to simply walk along the bottom of the river or lake. As well as webbed feet, turtles have very long claws, used to help them clamber onto riverbanks and floating logs, upon which they like to bask. Male turtles tend to have particularly long claws, and these appear to be used to stimulate the female while mating. While most turtles have webbed feet, some, such as the pig-nosed turtle, have true flippers, with the digits being fused into paddles and the claws being relatively small. These species swim in the same way as sea turtles (see below).
Sea turtles are almost entirely aquatic and have flippers instead of feet. Sea turtles fly through the water, using the up-and-down motion of the front flippers to generate thrust; the back feet are not used for propulsion, but may be used as rudders for steering. Compared with freshwater turtles, sea turtles have very limited mobility on land, and apart from the dash from the nest to the sea as hatchlings, male sea turtles normally never leave the sea. Females must come back onto land to lay eggs. They move very slowly and laboriously, dragging themselves forwards with their flippers.
Ecology and life historySea turtle swimming
Although many turtles spend large amounts of their lives underwater, all turtles and tortoises breathe air, and must surface at regular intervals to refill their lungs. They can also spend much of their lives on dry land. Aquatic respiration in Australian freshwater turtles is currently being studied. Some species have large cloacal cavities that are lined with many finger-like projections. These projections, called papillae, have a rich blood supply, and increase the surface area of the cloaca. The turtles can take up dissolved oxygen from the water using these papillae, in much the same way that fish use gills to respire.
Turtles lay eggs, like other reptiles, which are slightly soft and leathery. The eggs of the largest species are spherical, while the eggs of the rest are elongated. Their albumen is white and contains a different protein from bird eggs, such that it will not coagulate when cooked. Turtle eggs prepared to eat consist mainly of yolk. In some species, temperature determines whether an egg develops into a male or a female: a higher temperature causes a female, a lower temperature causes a male. Large numbers of eggs are deposited in holes dug into mud or sand. They are then covered and left to incubate by themselves. When the turtles hatch, they squirm their way to the surface and head toward the water. There are no known species in which the mother cares for the young.
Sea turtles lay their eggs on dry, sandy beaches. Immature sea turtles are not cared for by the adults. Turtles can take many years to reach breeding age, and in many cases breed every few years rather than annually.
Researchers have recently discovered a turtle's organs do not gradually break down or become less efficient over time, unlike most other animals. It was found that the liver, lungs, and kidneys of a centenarian turtle are virtually indistinguishable from those of its immature counterpart. This has inspired genetic researchers to begin examining the turtle genome for longevity genes.[8]
Systematics and evolutionSee also: List of Testudines familiesOdontochelys is the oldest known turtle genus
The first proto-turtles are believed to have existed in the late Triassic Period of the Mesozoic era, about 220 million years ago, and their shell, which has remained a remarkably stable body plan, is thought to have evolved from bony extensions of their backbones and broad ribs that expanded and grew together to form a complete shell that offered protection at every stage of its evolution, even when the bony component of the shell was not complete. This is supported by fossils of the freshwater Odontochelys semitestacea or "half-shelled turtle with teeth", from the late Triassic, which have been found near Guangling[disambiguation needed ] in southwest China. Odontochelys displays a complete bony plastron and an incomplete carapace, similar to an early stage of turtle embryonic development.[9] Prior to this discovery, the earliest-known fossil turtles were terrestrial and had a complete shell, offering no clue to the evolution of this remarkable anatomical feature. By the late Jurassic, turtles had radiated widely, and their fossil history becomes easier to read. "Chelonia" (Testudines) from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904.
Their exact ancestry has been disputed. It was believed they are the only surviving branch of the ancient evolutionary grade Anapsida, which includes groups such as procolophonids, millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs. All anapsid skulls lack a temporal opening, while all other extant amniotes have temporal openings (although in mammals the hole has become the zygomatic arch). The millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs became extinct in the late Permian period, and the procolophonoids during the Triassic.[10]
However, it was later suggested the anapsid-like turtle skull may be due to reversion rather than to anapsid descent. More recent morphological phylogenetic studies with this in mind placed turtles firmly within diapsids, slightly closer to Squamata than to Archosauria.[11] All molecular studies have strongly upheld the placement of turtles within diapsids; some place turtles within Archosauria,[12] or, more commonly, as a sister group to extant archosaurs.[13][14][15][16] Reanalysis of prior phylogenies suggests they classified turtles as anapsids both because they assumed this classification (most of them studying what sort of anapsid turtles are) and because they did not sample fossil and extant taxa broadly enough for constructing the cladogram. Testudines were suggested to have diverged from other diapsids between 200 and 279 million years ago, though the debate is far from settled.[11][13][17]
The earliest known fully shelled turtle is the late-Triassic Proganochelys. The genus species already had many advanced turtle traits, and thus probably had many millions of years of preceding turtle evolution and species in its ancestry. It did lack the ability to pull its head into its shell (and it had a long neck), and had a long, spiked tail ending in a club, a body form similar to that of ankylosaurs, resulting from convergent evolution.
Turtles are divided into two extant suborders, the Cryptodira and the Pleurodira. The Cryptodira is the larger of the two groups and includes all the marine turtles, the terrestrial tortoises, and many of the freshwater turtles. The Pleurodira are sometimes known as the side-necked turtles, a reference to the way they withdraw their heads into their shells. This smaller group consists primarily of various freshwater turtles. A chart of the two extant Testudine suborders, extinct groups that existed within these two suborders are shown as well.
Turtle genera with basal or uncertain phylogenetic position- Genus †Australochelys (Chelonia incertae sedis)
- Genus †Murrhardtia (Chelonia incertae sedis)
- Genus †Palaeochersis (Chelonia incertae sedis)
- Genus †Chinlechelys (Proganochelydia or basal Testudines)
- Genus †Chelycarapookus (Testudines incertae sedis)
- Genus †Chitracephalus (Testudines incertae sedis)
- Genus †Neusticemys (Testudines incertae sedis)
- Genus †Scutemys (Testudines incertae sedis)
- Genus †Odontochelys (tentatively placed here)
- Genus †Proganochelys
Pleurodires hide their head sideways.
Basal genera
- Genus †Kayentachelys
- Genus †Indochelys
Infraorder †Paracryptodira
- Basal and incertae sedis
- Family †Kallokibotiidae
- Family †Mongolochelyidae
- Family †Pleurosternidae
- Family †Solemydidae
- Superfamily †Baenoidea
- Family †Baenidae
- Family †Macrobaenidae
- Family †Neurankylidae
Infraorder Eucryptodira
- Basal and incertae sedis
- †"Sinemys" wuerhoensis
- Genus †Chubutemys (Meiolaniidae?)
- Genus †Hangaiemys (Macrobaenidae?)
- Genus †Judithemys
- Genus †Osteopygis
- Genus †Planetochelys
- Family Chelydridae (snapping turtles)
- Family †Eurysternidae
- Family †Macrobaenidae
- Family †Meiolaniidae (horned turtles)
- Family †Plesiochelyidae
- Family †Sinemydidae
- Family †Xinjiangchelyidae
- Superfamily Chelonioidea (sea turtles)
- Family †Protostegidae
- Family †Thalassemydidae
- Family †Toxochelyidae The Western Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni hermanni) is a cryptodire.
Cryptodires hide their head inwards.
- Family Cheloniidae (green sea turtles and relatives)
- Family Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles)
- Superfamily Testudinoidea
- Family †Haichemydidae
- Family †Lindholmemydidae
- Family †Sinochelyidae
- Family Platysternidae (big-headed turtle)
- Family Emydidae (pond[disambiguation needed ], box and water turtles)
- Family Geoemydidae (Asian river turtles, Asian leaf turtles, Asian box turtles and roofed turtles)
- Family Testudinidae (true tortoises)
- Superfamily Trionychoidea
- Family †Adocidae
- Family Carettochelyidae (pignose turtles)
- Family Dermatemydidae (river turtles)
- Family Kinosternidae (mud turtles)
- Family Trionychidae (softshell turtles)
- Basal and incertae sedis
- Family †Araripemydidae
- Family †Proterochersidae
- Family Chelidae (Austro-American sideneck turtles)
- Superfamily Pelomedusoidea
- Family †Bothremydidae
- Family Pelomedusidae (African sideneck turtles)
- Family Podocnemididae (Madagascan big-headed and American sideneck river turtles)
- British English normally describes these reptiles as turtles if they live in the sea; terrapins if they live in fresh or brackish water; or tortoises if they live on land. However, there are exceptions to this where American or Australian common names are in wide use, as with the Fly River turtle.
- American English tends to use the word turtle as a general term for all species. "Tortoise" is used for most land-dwelling species, including the family Testudinidae and box tortoises. Oceanic species are usually referred to as sea turtles. The name "terrapin" is typically reserved only for the brackish water diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin; the word terrapin being derived from the Algonquian word for this animal.[18]
- Australian English uses turtle for both the marine and freshwater species, but tortoise for the terrestrial species.[18]
To avoid confusion, the word "chelonian" is popular among veterinarians, scientists, and conservationists working with these animals as a catch-all name for any member of the superorder Chelonia, which includes all turtles, tortoises and terrapins living and extinct, as well as their immediate ancestors. It is based on the Ancient Greek word χελώνη, chelōnē; Modern Greek χελώνα, chelōna; meaning turtle/tortoise.
Some languages do not have this problem, as all of these are referred to by the same name. For example, in Spanish, the word "tortuga" is used for turtles, tortoises and terrapins, though the type they belong to is usually specified and added to the name, as "marina" for sea turtles, "de río", for freshwater species and "terrestre" for tortoises.
DistributionSeven species of marine turtles are found worldwide. Of these, five have been recorded in Europe.[19] Fossil recordNeonate sized turtle fossils have been documented in the scientific literature.[20] GenomicsTurtles possess diverse chromosome numbers (2N = 28-66) and a myriad of chromosomal rearrangements have occurred during evolution.[21] As petsRed eared slider basking on a floating platform under a sun lampTurtles, particularly small terrestrial and freshwater turtles, are commonly kept as pets. Among the most popular are Russian tortoises, spur-thighed tortoises, and red-eared sliders.[22]
In the United States, due to the ease of contracting salmonellosis through casual contact with turtles, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established a regulation in 1975 to discontinue the sale of turtles under 4 inches.[23] It is illegal in every state in the U.S. for anyone to sell any turtles under 4 inches (10 cm) long. Many stores and flea markets still sell small turtles due to a loophole in the FDA regulation which allows turtles under 4 inches to be sold for educational purposes.[24][25]
Some states have other laws and regulations regarding possession of red-eared sliders as pets because they are looked upon as invasive species or pests where they are not native, but have been introduced through the pet trade. As of July 1, 2007, it is illegal in Florida to sell any wild type red-eared slider. Unusual color varieties such as albino and pastel red-eared sliders, which are derived from captive breeding, are still allowed for sale.[26]
As food, traditional medicine, and cosmeticsThe window of a restaurant serving guilinggao, decorated with a 龜 ("turtle") character.The flesh of turtles, calipash or calipee, was, and still is, considered a delicacy in a number of cultures.[3] Turtle soup has been a prized dish in Anglo-American cuisine,[27] and still remains so in some parts of Asia.[which?] Gopher tortoise stew was popular with some groups in Florida.[28]
Turtles remain a part of the traditional diet on the island of Grand Cayman, so much so that when wild stocks became depleted, a turtle farm was established specifically to raise sea turtles for their meat. The farm also releases specimens to the wild as part of an effort to repopulate the Caribbean Sea.[29]
Fat from turtles is also used in the Caribbean and in Mexico as a main ingredient in cosmetics, marketed under its Spanish name crema de tortuga.[30] Turtle plastrons among other plants and animals parts are used in traditional Chinese medicines. (Other items in the image are dried lingzhi, snake, luo han guo, and ginseng).
Turtle plastrons (the part of the shell that covers a tortoise from the bottom) are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine; according to statistics, Taiwan imports hundreds of tons of plastrons every year.[31] A popular medicinal preparation based on powdered turtle plastron (and a variety of herbs) is the guilinggao jelly;[32][33] these days, though, it is typically made with only herbal ingredients.
Conservation statusIn February 2011, the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group published a report about the top 25 species of turtles most likely to become extinct, with a further 40 species at very high risk of becoming extinct. This list excludes sea turtles, however both the leatherback and the Kemp's ridley would make the top 25 list. The report is due to be updated in four years time allowing to follow the evolution of the list. Between 48 to 54% of all 328 of their species considered threatened, turtles and tortoises are at a much higher risk of extinction than many other vertebrates. Of the 263 species of freshwater and terrestrial turtles, 117 species are considered Threatened, 73 are either Endangered or Critically Endangered and 1 is Extinct. Of the 58 species belonging to the Testudinidae family, 33 species are Threatened, 18 are either Endangered or Critically Endangered, 1 is Extinct in the wild and 7 species are Extinct. 71% of all tortoise species are either gone or almost gone. Asian species are the most endangered, closely followed by the five endemic species from Madagascar. Turtles face many threats, including habitat destruction, harvesting for consumption and pet trade. The high extinction risk for Asian species is primarily due to the long-term unsustainable exploitation of turtles and tortoises for consumption and traditional Chinese medicine, and to a lesser extent for the international pet trade.[34]Efforts have been made by Chinese entrepreneurs to satisfy increasing demand for turtle meat as gourmet food and traditional medicine with farmed turtles, instead of wild-caught ones; according to a study published in 2007, over a thousand turtle farms operated in China.[35][36] Turtle farms in Oklahoma and Louisiana raise turtles for export to China as well.[36] Turtles on tree branch over a lake in New Jersey.
Nonetheless, wild turtles continue to be caught and sent to market in large number (as well as to turtle farms, to be used as breeding stock[35]), resulting in a situation described by conservationists as "the Asian turtle crisis".[37] In the words of the biologist George Amato, "the amount and the volume of captured turtles... vacuumed up entire species from areas in Southeast Asia", even as biologists still did not know how many distinct turtle species live in the region.[38] About 75% of Asia's 90 tortoise and freshwater turtle species are estimated to have become threatened.[36]
Harvesting wild turtles is legal in a number of states in the USA.[36] In one of these states, Florida, just a single seafood company in Fort Lauderdale was reported in 2008 as buying about 5,000 pounds of softshell turtles a week. The harvesters (hunters) are paid about $2 a pound; some manage to catch as many as 30-40 turtles (500 pounds) on a good day. Some of the catch gets to the local restaurants, while most of it is exported to Asia. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission estimated in 2008 that around 3,000 pounds of softshell turtles were exported each week via Tampa International Airport.[39]
Nonetheless, the great majority of turtles exported from the USA are farm raised. According to one estimate by the World Chelonian Trust, about 97% of 31.8 million animals harvested in the U.S. over a three-year period (November 4, 2002 - November 26, 2005) were exported.[36][40] It has been estimated (presumably, over the same 2002-2005 period) that about 47% of the US turtle exports go to People's Republic of China (predominantly to Hong Kong), another 20% to Taiwan, and 11% to Mexico. [41] [42]
There are over 1000 species of bat I have listed them all in sientific classification so here it is-
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae
Genus: Eonycteris
Eonycteris major
Eonycteris robusta
Eonycteris spelaea
Genus: Macroglossus
Macroglossus minimus
Macroglossus sobrinus
Genus: Megaloglossus
Megaloglossus woermanni
Genus: Notopteris
Notopteris macdonaldi
Notopteris neocaledonica
Genus: Syconycteris
Syconycteris australis
Syconycteris carolinae
Syconycteris hobbit
Genus: Melonycteris
Melonycteris aurantius
Melonycteris fardoulisi
Melonycteris melanops
Melonycteris woodfordi
Genus: Aethalops
Aethalops aequalis
Aethalops alectro
Genus: Alionycteris
Alionycteris paucidentata
Genus: Balionycteris
Balionycteris maculata
Genus: Chironax
Chironax melanocephalus
Genus: Cynopterus
Cynopterus brachyotis
Cynopterus horsfieldii
Cynopterus luzoniensis
Cynopterus minutus
Cynopterus nusatenggara
Cynopterus sphinx
Cynopterus titthaecheilus
Genus: Dyacopterus
Dyacopterus brooksi
Dyacopterus rickarti
Dyacopterus spadiceus
Genus: Haplonycteris
Haplonycteris fischeri
Genus: Latidens
Latidens salimalii
Genus: Megaerops
Megaerops ecaudatus
Megaerops kusnotoi
Megaerops niphanae
Megaerops wetmorei
Genus: Otopteropus
Otopteropus cartilagonodus
Genus: Penthetor
Penthetor lucasi
Genus: Ptenochirus
Ptenochirus jagori
Ptenochirus minor
Genus: Sphaerias
Sphaerias blanfordi
Genus: Thoopterus
Thoopterus nigrescens
Genus: Nyctimene
Nyctimene aello
Nyctimene albiventer
Nyctimene cephalotes
Nyctimene celaeno
Nyctimene certans
Nyctimene cyclotis
Nyctimene draconilla
Nyctimene keasti
Nyctimene major
Nyctimene malaitensis
Nyctimene masalai
Nyctimene minutus
Nyctimene rabori
Nyctimene robinsoni
Nyctimene sanctacrucis
Nyctimene vizcaccia
Genus: Paranyctimene
Paranyctimene raptor
Paranyctimene tenax
Genus: Casinycteris
Casinycteris argynnis
Genus: Epomophorus
Epomophorus angolensis
Epomophorus anselli
Epomophorus crypturus
Epomophorus gambianus
Epomophorus grandis
Epomophorus labiatus
Epomophorus minimus
Epomophorus minor
Epomophorus wahlbergi
Genus: Epomops
Epomops buettikoferi
Epomops dobsonii
Epomops franqueti
Genus: Hypsignathus
Hypsignathus monstrosus
Genus: Micropteropus
Micropteropus intermedius
Micropteropus pusillus
Genus: Nanonycteris
Nanonycteris veldkampii
Genus: Plerotes
Plerotes anchietae
Genus: Scotonycteris
Scotonycteris ophiodon
Scotonycteris zenkeri
Genus: Harpyionycteris
Harpyionycteris celebensis
Harpyionycteris whiteheadi
Genus: Aproteles
Aproteles bulmerae
Genus: Dobsonia
Dobsonia anderseni
Dobsonia beauforti
Dobsonia chapmani
Dobsonia crenulata
Dobsonia eversa
Dobsonia exoleta
Dobsonia inermis
Dobsonia magna
Dobsonia minor
Dobsonia moluccensis
Dobsonia pannietensis
Dobsonia peronii
Dobsonia praedatrix
Dobsonia viridis
Genus: Acerodon
Acerodon celebensis
Acerodon humilis
Acerodon jubatus
Acerodon leucotis
Acerodon mackloti
Genus: Desmalopex
Desmalopex leucopterus
Desmalopex microleucopterus
Genus: Mirimiri
Mirimiri acrodonta
Genus: Neopteryx
Neopteryx frosti
Genus: Pteralopex
Pteralopex anceps
Pteralopex atrata
Pteralopex flanneryi
Pteralopex pulchra
Pteralopex taki
Genus: Pteropus
Pteropus admiralilatum
Pteropus aldabrensis
Pteropus alecto
Pteropus anetianus
Pteropus argentatus
Pteropus aruensis
Pteropus caniceps
Pteropus capistratus
Pteropus chrysoproctus
Pteropus cognatus
Pteropus conspicillatus
Pteropus dasymallus
Pteropus faunulus
Pteropus fundatus
Pteropus giganteus
Pteropus gilliardorum
Pteropus griseus
Pteropus howensis
Pteropus hypomelanus
Pteropus insularis
Pteropus intermedius
Pteropus keyensis
Pteropus livingstonii
Pteropus lombocensis
Pteropus loochoensis
Pteropus lylei
Pteropus macrotis
Pteropus mahaganus
Pteropus mariannus
Pteropus mearnsi
Pteropus melanopogon
Pteropus melanotus
Pteropus molossinus
Pteropus neohibernicus
Pteropus niger
Pteropus nitendien
Pteropus ocularis
Pteropus ornatus
Pteropus pelewensis
Pteropus personatus
Pteropus phaeocephalus
Pteropus pilosus
Pteropus pohlei
Pteropus poliocephalus
Pteropus pselaphon
Pteropus pumilus
Pteropus rayneri
Pteropus rennelli
Pteropus rodricensis
Pteropus rufus
Pteropus samoensis
Pteropus sanctacrucis
Pteropus scapulatus
Pteropus seychellensis
Pteropus speciosus
Pteropus temminckii
Pteropus tokudae
Pteropus tonganus
Pteropus tuberculatus
Pteropus ualanus
Pteropus vampyrus
Pteropus vetulus
Pteropus voeltzkowi
Pteropus woodfordi
Pteropus yapensis
Genus: Styloctenium
Styloctenium mindorensis
Styloctenium wallacei
Genus: Eidolon
Eidolon dupreanum
Eidolon helvum
Genus: Lissonycteris
Lissonycteris angolensis
Lissonycteris goliath
Lissonycteris petraea
Lissonycteris smithi
Genus: Myonycteris
Myonycteris brachycephala
Myonycteris relicta
Myonycteris torquata
Genus: Rousettus
Rousettus aegyptiacus
Rousettus amplexicaudatus
Rousettus bidens
Rousettus celebensis
Rousettus lanosus
Rousettus leschenaultii
Rousettus linduensis
Rousettus madagascariensis
Rousettus obliviosus
Rousettus spinalatus
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Balantiopteryx
Balantiopteryx infusca
Balantiopteryx io
Balantiopteryx plicata
Genus: Centronycteris
Centronycteris centralis
Centronycteris maximiliani
Genus: Coleura
Coleura afra
Coleura seychellensis
Genus: Cormura
Cormura brevirostris
Genus: Cyttarops
Cyttarops alecto
Genus: Diclidurus
Diclidurus albus
Diclidurus ingens
Diclidurus isabellus
Diclidurus scutatus
Genus: Emballonura
Emballonura alecto
Emballonura atrata
Emballonura beccarii
Emballonura dianae
Emballonura furax
Emballonura monticola
Emballonura raffrayana
Emballonura semicaudata
Emballonura serii
Emballonura tiavato
Genus: Mosia
Mosia nigrescens
Genus: Peropteryx
Peropteryx kappleri
Peropteryx leucoptera
Peropteryx macrotis
Peropteryx pallidoptera
Peropteryx trinitatis
Genus: Rhynchonycteris
Rhynchonycteris naso
Genus: Saccopteryx
Saccopteryx antioquensis
Saccopteryx bilineata
Saccopteryx canescens
Saccopteryx gymnura
Saccopteryx leptura
Genus: Saccolaimus
Saccolaimus flaviventris
Saccolaimus mixtus
Saccolaimus peli
Saccolaimus saccolaimus
Genus: Taphozous
Taphozous achates
Taphozous australis
Taphozous georgianus
Taphozous hamiltoni
Taphozous hildegardeae
Taphozous hilli
Taphozous kapalgensis
Taphozous longimanus
Taphozous mauritianus
Taphozous melanopogon
Taphozous nudiventris
Taphozous perforatus
Taphozous theobaldi
Taphozous troughtoni
Family: Antrozoidae
Genus: Antrozous
Antrozous pallidus
Genus: Bauerus
Bauerus dubiaquercus
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Chaerephon
Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae
Chaerephon ansorgei
Chaerephon atsinanana
Chaerephon bemmeleni
Chaerephon bivittatus
Chaerephon bregullae
Chaerephon chapini
Chaerephon gallagheri
Chaerephon jobensis
Chaerephon jobimena
Chaerephon johorensis
Chaerephon leucogaster
Chaerephon major
Chaerephon nigeriae
Chaerephon plicata
Chaerephon pumilus
Chaerephon pusillus
Chaerephon russatus
Chaerephon shortridgei
Chaerephon solomonis
Chaerephon tomensis
Genus: Cheiromeles
Cheiromeles parvidens
Cheiromeles torquatus
Genus: Cynomops
Cynomops abrasus
Cynomops greenhalli
Cynomops mexicanus
Cynomops paranus
Cynomops planirostris
Genus: Eumops
Eumops auripendulus
Eumops bonariensis
Eumops dabbenei
Eumops ferox
Eumops floridanus
Eumops glaucinus
Eumops hansae
Eumops maurus
Eumops patagonicus
Eumops perotis
Eumops trumbulli
Eumops underwoodi
Eumops wilsoni
Genus: Molossops
Molossops aequatorianus
Molossops mattogrossensis
Molossops neglectus
Molossops temminckii
Genus: Molossus
Molossus ater
Molossus aztecus
Molossus barnesi
Molossus coibensis
Molossus currentium
Molossus molossus
Molossus pretiosus
Molossus rufus
Molossus sinaloae
Molossus trinitatis
Genus: Mops
Mops bakarii
Mops brachypterus
Mops condylurus
Mops congicus
Mops demonstrator
Mops leucostigma
Mops midas
Mops mops
Mops nanulus
Mops niangarae
Mops niveiventer
Mops sarasinorum
Mops trevori
Mops petersoni
Mops spurrelli
Mops thersites
Genus: Mormopterus
Mormopterus acetabulosus
Mormopterus beccarii
Mormopterus doriae
Mormopterus eleryi
Mormopterus francoismoutoui
Mormopterus jugularis
Mormopterus kalinowskii
Mormopterus loriae
Mormopterus minutus
Mormopterus norfolkensis
Mormopterus phrudus
Mormopterus planiceps
Genus: Myopterus
Myopterus daubentonii
Myopterus whitleyi
Genus: Nyctinomops
Nyctinomops aurispinosus
Nyctinomops femorosaccus
Nyctinomops laticaudatus
Nyctinomops macrotis
Genus: Otomops
Otomops formosus
Otomops johnstonei
Otomops madagascariensis
Otomops martiensseni
Otomops papuensis
Otomops secundus
Otomops wroughtoni
Genus: Platymops
Platymops setiger
Genus: Promops
Promops centralis
Promops nasutus
Genus: Sauromys
Sauromys petrophilus
Genus: Tadarida
Tadarida aegyptiaca
Tadarida australis
Tadarida brasiliensis
Tadarida fulminans
Tadarida insignis
Tadarida kuboriensis
Tadarida latouchei
Tadarida lobata
Tadarida teniotis
Tadarida ventralis
Genus: Tomopeas
Tomopeas ravus
Family: Furipteridae
Genus: Amorphochilus
Amorphochilus schnablii
Genus: Furipterus
Furipterus horrens
Family: Myzopodidae
Genus: Myzopoda
Myzopoda aurita
Myzopoda schliemanni
Family: Natalidae
Genus: Chilonatalus
Chilonatalus micropus
Chilonatalus tumidifrons
Genus: Natalus
Natalus espiriosantensis
Natalus jamaicensis
Natalus lanatus
Natalus major
Natalus mexicanus
Natalus primus
Natalus stramineus
Natalus tumidirostris
Genus: Nyctiellus
Nyctiellus lepidus
Family: Thyropteridae
Genus: Thyroptera
Thyroptera devivio
Thyroptera discifera
Thyroptera lavali
Thyroptera tricolor
Family: Mormoopidae
Genus: Mormoops
Mormoops blainvillei
Mormoops megalophylla
Genus: Pteronotus
Pteronotus davyi
Pteronotus gymnonotus
Pteronotus macleayii
Pteronotus paraguanensis
Pteronotus parnellii
Pteronotus personatus
Pteronotus quadridens
Family: Mystacinidae
Genus: Mystacina
Mystacina tuberculata
Family: Noctillionidae
Genus: Noctilio
Noctilio albiventris
Noctilio leporinus
Family: Phyllostomidae
Genus: Brachyphylla
Brachyphylla cavernarum
Brachyphylla nana
Genus: Carollia
Carollia benkeithi
Carollia brevicauda
Carollia castanea
Carollia colombiana
Carollia manu
Carollia monohernandezi
Carollia perspicillata
Carollia sowelli
Carollia subrufa
Genus: Rhinophylla
Rhinophylla alethina
Rhinophylla fischerae
Rhinophylla pumilio
Genus: Desmodus
Desmodus rotundus
Genus: Diaemus
Diaemus youngi
Genus: Diphylla
Diphylla ecaudata
Genus: Anoura
Anoura aequatoris
Anoura cadenai
Anoura canishina
Anoura caudifer
Anoura cultrata
Anoura fistulata
Anoura geoffroyi
Anoura latidens
Anoura luismanueli
Anoura peruana
Genus: Choeroniscus
Choeroniscus godmani
Choeroniscus minor
Choeroniscus periosus
Genus: Choeronycteris
Choeronycteris mexicana
Genus: Glossophaga
Glossophaga commissarisi
Glossophaga leachii
Glossophaga longirostris
Glossophaga morenoi
Glossophaga soricina
Genus: Hylonycteris
Hylonycteris underwoodi
Genus: Leptonycteris
Leptonycteris curasoae
Leptonycteris nivalis
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Genus: Lichonycteris
Lichonycteris obscura
Genus: Monophyllus
Monophyllus plethodon
Monophyllus redmani
Genus: Musonycteris
Musonycteris harrisoni
Genus: Scleronycteris
Scleronycteris ega
Genus: Lionycteris
Lionycteris spurrelli
Genus: Lonchophylla
Lonchophylla bokermanni
Lonchophylla cadenai
Lonchophylla chocoana
Lonchophylla concava
Lonchophylla dekeyseri
Lonchophylla fornicata
Lonchophylla handleyi
Lonchophylla hesperia
Lonchophylla mordax
Lonchophylla orcesi
Lonchophylla orienticollina
Lonchophylla pattoni
Lonchophylla robusta
Lonchophylla thomasi
Genus: Platalina
Platalina genovensium
Genus: Xeronycteris
Xeronycteris vieirai
Genus: Erophylla
Erophylla bombifrons
Erophylla sezekorni
Genus: Phyllonycteris
Phyllonycteris aphylla
Phyllonycteris poeyi
Genus: Chrotopterus
Chrotopterus auritus
Genus: Glyphonycteris
Glyphonycteris behnii
Glyphonycteris daviesi
Glyphonycteris sylvestris
Genus: Lampronycteris
Lampronycteris brachyotis
Genus: Lonchorhina
Lonchorhina aurita
Lonchorhina fernandezi
Lonchorhina inusitata
Lonchorhina marinkellei
Lonchorhina orinocensis
Genus: Lophostoma
Lophostoma aequatorialis
Lophostoma brasiliense
Lophostoma carrikeri
Lophostoma evotis
Lophostoma schulzi
Lophostoma silvicolum
Lophostoma yasuni
Genus: Macrophyllum
Macrophyllum macrophyllum
Genus: Macrotus
Macrotus californicus
Macrotus waterhousii
Genus: Micronycteris
Micronycteris brosseti
Micronycteris giovanniae
Micronycteris hirsuta
Micronycteris homezi
Micronycteris matses
Micronycteris megalotis
Micronycteris microtis
Micronycteris minuta
Micronycteris sanborni
Micronycteris schmidtorum
Genus: Mimon
Mimon bennettii
Mimon cozulmelae
Mimon crenulatum
Mimon koepckeae
Genus: Neonycteris
Neonycteris pusilla
Genus: Phylloderma
Phylloderma stenops
Genus: Phyllostomus
Phyllostomus discolor
Phyllostomus elongatus
Phyllostomus hastatus
Phyllostomus latifolius
Genus: Tonatia
Tonatia bidens
Tonatia saurophila
Genus: Trachops
Trachops cirrhosus
Genus: Trinycteris
Trinycteris nicefori
Genus: Vampyrum
Vampyrum spectrum
Genus: Ametrida
Ametrida centurio
Genus: Ardops
Ardops nichollsi
Genus: Ariteus
Ariteus flavescens
Genus: Artibeus
Artibeus amplus
Artibeus anderseni
Artibeus aztecus
Artibeus bogotensis
Artibeus cinereus
Artibeus concolor
Artibeus fimbriatus
Artibeus fraterculus
Artibeus glaucus
Artibeus gnomus
Artibeus hirsutus
Artibeus incomitatus
Artibeus inopinatus
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus lituratus
Artibeus obscurus
Artibeus phaeotis
Artibeus planirostris
Artibeus rosenbergi
Artibeus toltecus
Artibeus watsoni
Genus: Centurio
Centurio senex
Genus: Chiroderma
Chiroderma doriae
Chiroderma improvisum
Chiroderma salvini
Chiroderma trinitatum
Chiroderma villosum
Genus: Ectophylla
Ectophylla alba
Genus: Enchisthenes
Enchisthenes hartii
Genus: Mesophylla
Mesophylla macconnelli
Genus: Phyllops
Phyllops falcatus
Genus: Platyrrhinus
Platyrrhinus albericoi
Platyrrhinus angustirostris
Platyrrhinus aurarius
Platyrrhinus brachycephalus
Platyrrhinus chocoensis
Platyrrhinus dorsalis
Platyrrhinus fusciventris
Platyrrhinus helleri
Platyrrhinus incarum
Platyrrhinus infuscus
Platyrrhinus ismaeli
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Platyrrhinus masu
Platyrrhinus matapalensis
Platyrrhinus nigellus
Platyrrhinus nitelinea
Platyrrhinus recifinus
Platyrrhinus umbratus
Platyrrhinus vittatus
Genus: Pygoderma
Pygoderma bilabiatum
Genus: Sphaeronycteris
Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum
Genus: Stenoderma
Stenoderma rufum
Genus: Uroderma
Uroderma bilobatum
Uroderma magnirosstrum
Genus: Vampyressa
Vampyressa bidens
Vampyressa brocki
Vampyressa melissa
Vampyressa nymphaea
Vampyressa pusilla
Vampyressa thyone
Genus: Vampyrodes
Vampyrodes caraccioli
Genus: Sturnira
Sturnira aratathomasi
Sturnira bidens
Sturnira bogotensis
Sturnira erythromos
Sturnira koopmanhilli
Sturnira lilium
Sturnira ludovici
Sturnira luisi
Sturnira magna
Sturnira mistratensis
Sturnira mordax
Sturnira nana
Sturnira oporaphilum
Sturnira thomasi
Sturnira tildae
Family: Megadermatidae
Genus: Cardioderma
Cardioderma cor
Genus: Lavia
Lavia frons
Genus: Macroderma
Macroderma gigas
Genus: Megaderma
Megaderma lyra
Megaderma spasma
Family: Nycteridae
Genus: Nycteris
Nycteris arge
Nycteris aurita
Nycteris gambiensis
Nycteris grandis
Nycteris hispida
Nycteris intermedia
Nycteris javanica
Nycteris macrotis
Nycteris madagascariensis
Nycteris major
Nycteris nana
Nycteris parisii
Nycteris thebaica
Nycteris tragata
Nycteris vinsoni
Nycteris woodi
Family: Rhinolophidae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus acuminatus
Rhinolophus adami
Rhinolophus affinis
Rhinolophus alcyone
Rhinolophus arcuatus
Rhinolophus beddomei
Rhinolophus blasii
Rhinolophus bocharicus
Rhinolophus borneensis
Rhinolophus canuti
Rhinolophus capensis
Rhinolophus celebensis
Rhinolophus chiewkweeae
Rhinolophus clivosus
Rhinolophus coelophyllus
Rhinolophus cognatus
Rhinolophus convexus
Rhinolophus cornutus
Rhinolophus creaghi
Rhinolophus darlingi
Rhinolophus deckenii
Rhinolophus denti
Rhinolophus eloquens
Rhinolophus euryale
Rhinolophus euryotis
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus formosae
Rhinolophus fumigatus
Rhinolophus guineensis
Rhinolophus hildebrandtii
Rhinolophus hilli
Rhinolophus hillorum
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus huananus
Rhinolophus imaizumii
Rhinolophus inops
Rhinolophus keyensis
Rhinolophus landeri
Rhinolophus lepidus
Rhinolophus luctus
Rhinolophus maclaudi
Rhinolophus macrotis
Rhinolophus madurensis
Rhinolophus maendeleo
Rhinolophus malayanus
Rhinolophus marshalli
Rhinolophus megaphyllus
Rhinolophus mehelyi
Rhinolophus microglobosus
Rhinolophus mitratus
Rhinolophus monoceros
Rhinolophus montanus
Rhinolophus nereis
Rhinolophus osgoodi
Rhinolophus paradoxolophus
Rhinolophus pearsonii
Rhinolophus philippinensis
Rhinolophus pusillus
Rhinolophus rex
Rhinolophus robinsoni
Rhinolophus rouxii
Rhinolophus rufus
Rhinolophus ruwenzonii
Rhinolophus sakejiensis
Rhinolophus sedulus
Rhinolophus shameli
Rhinolophus shortridgei
Rhinolophus siamensis
Rhinolophus silvestris
Rhinolophus simulator
Rhinolophus sinicus
Rhinolophus stheno
Rhinolophus subbabius
Rhinolophus subrufus
Rhinolophus swinnyi
Rhinolophus thailandensis
Rhinolophus thomasi
Rhinolophus trifoliatus
Rhinolophus virgo
Rhinolophus yunanensis
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis
Rhinolophus ziama
Family: Hipposideridae
Genus: Anthops
Anthops ornatus
Genus: Asellia
Asellia patrizii
Asellia tridens
Genus: Aselliscus
Aselliscus stoliczkanus
Aselliscus tricuspidatus
Genus: Cloeotis
Cloeotis percivali
Genus: Coelops
Coelops frithii
Coelops hirsutus
Coelops robinsoni
Genus: Hipposideros
Hipposideros abae
Hipposideros armiger
Hipposideros ater
Hipposideros beatus
Hipposideros bicolor
Hipposideros boeadii
Hipposideros breviceps
Hipposideros caffer
Hipposideros calcaratus
Hipposideros camerunensis
Hipposideros cervinus
Hipposideros cineraceus
Hipposideros commersoni
Hipposideros coronatus
Hipposideros corynophyllus
Hipposideros coxi
Hipposideros crumeniferus
Hipposideros curtus
Hipposideros cyclops
Hipposideros demissus
Hipposideros diadema
Hipposideros dinops
Hipposideros doriae
Hipposideros durgadasi
Hipposideros dyacorum
Hipposideros edwardshilli
Hipposideros fasensis
Hipposideros fuliginosus
Hipposideros fulvus
Hipposideros galeritus
Hipposideros gigas
Hipposideros grandis
Hipposideros halophyllus
Hipposideros hypophyllus
Hipposideros inexpectatus
Hipposideros inornatus
Hipposideros jonesi
Hipposideros khaokhouayensis
Hipposideros khasiana
Hipposideros lamottei
Hipposideros lankadiva
Hipposideros larvatus
Hipposideros lekaguli
Hipposideros lylei
Hipposideros macrobullatus
Hipposideros madurae
Hipposideros maggietaylorae
Hipposideros marisae
Hipposideros megalotis
Hipposideros muscinus
Hipposideros nequam
Hipposideros obscurus
Hipposideros orbiculus
Hipposideros papua
Hipposideros parnabyi
Hipposideros pelingensis
Hipposideros pomona
Hipposideros pratti
Hipposideros pygmaeus
Hipposideros ridleyi
Hipposideros rotalis
Hipposideros ruder
Hipposideros scutinares
Hipposideros semoni
Hipposideros sorenseni
Hipposideros speoris
Hipposideros stenotis
Hipposideros sumbae
Hipposideros tephrus
Hipposideros thomensis
Hipposideros turpis
Hipposideros vittatus
Hipposideros wollastoni
Genus: Paracoelops
Paracoelops megalotis
Genus: Paratriaenops
Rhinonicteris auritus
Rhinonicteris furculus
Rhinonicteris pauliani
Genus: Rhinonicteris
Paratriaenops aurantia
Genus: Triaenops
Triaenops afer
Triaenops menamena
Triaenops parvus
Triaenops persicus
Family: Craseonycteridae
Genus: Craseonycteris
Craseonycteris thonglongyai
Family: Rhinopomatidae
Genus: Rhinopoma
Rhinopoma hadramauticum
Rhinopoma hardwickei
Rhinopoma macinnesi
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Rhinopoma muscatellum
Family: Miniopteridae
Genus: Miniopterus
Miniopterus aelleni
Miniopterus africanus
Miniopterus australis
Miniopterus brachytragos
Miniopterus fraterculus
Miniopterus fuscus
Miniopterus gleni
Miniopterus griffithsi
Miniopterus griveaudi
Miniopterus inflatus
Miniopterus macrocneme
Miniopterus magnater
Miniopterus mahafaliensis
Miniopterus majori
Miniopterus manavi
Miniopterus medius
Miniopterus minor
Miniopterus natalensis
Miniopterus newtoni
Miniopterus paululus
Miniopterus petersoni
Miniopterus pusillus
Miniopterus robustior
Miniopterus schreibersii
Miniopterus shortridgei
Miniopterus sororculus
Miniopterus tristis
Miniopterus tristis
Family: Vespertilionidae
Genus: Kerivoula
Kerivoula africana
Kerivoula agnella
Kerivoula argentata
Kerivoula cuprosa
Kerivoula eriophora
Kerivoula flora
Kerivoula hardwickii
Kerivoula intermedia
Kerivoula kachinensis
Kerivoula krauensis
Kerivoula lanosa
Kerivoula lenis
Kerivoula minuta
Kerivoula muscina
Kerivoula myrella
Kerivoula papillosa
Kerivoula pellucida
Kerivoula phalaena
Kerivoula picta
Kerivoula smithii
Kerivoula titania
Kerivoula whiteheadi
Genus: Phoniscus
Phoniscus aerosa
Phoniscus atrox
Phoniscus jagorii
Phoniscus papuensis
Genus: Harpiocephalus
Harpiocephalus harpia
Harpiocephalus mordax
Genus: Harpiola
Harpiola isodon
Genus: Murina
Murina aenea
Murina aurata
Murina bicolor
Murina cineracea
Murina cyclotis
Murina eleryi
Murina florium
Murina fusca
Murina gracilis
Murina grisea
Murina harpioloides
Murina harrisoni
Murina hilgendorfi
Murina huttoni
Murina leucogaster
Murina puta
Murina recondita
Murina rozendaali
Murina ryuktuana
Murina silvatica
Murina suila
Murina tenebrosa
Murina tubinaris
Murina ussuriensis
Murina wilstoni
Genus: Cistugo
Cistugo lesueri
Cistugo seabrai
Genus: Lasionycteris
Lasionycteris noctivagans
Genus: Myotis
Myotis abei
Myotis adversus
Myotis aelleni
Myotis albescens
Myotis alcathoe
Myotis altarium
Myotis anjouanensis
Myotis annamiticus
Myotis annectans
Myotis atacamensis
Myotis ater
Myotis aurascens
Myotis auriculus
Myotis australis
Myotis austroriparius
Myotis bechsteinii
Myotis blythii
Myotis bocagii
Myotis bombinus
Myotis brandtii
Myotis bucharensis
Myotis californicus
Myotis capaccinii
Myotis chiloensis
Myotis chinensis
Myotis ciliolabrum
Myotis cobanensis
Myotis csorbai
Myotis dasycneme
Myotis daubentonii
Myotis davidii
Myotis dieteri
Myotis dominicensis
Myotis elegans
Myotis emarginatus
Myotis evotis
Myotis fimbriatus
Myotis findleyi
Myotis flavus
Myotis formosus
Myotis fortidens
Myotis frater
Myotis gomantongensis
Myotis goudoti
Myotis grisescens
Myotis hajastanicus
Myotis hasseltii
Myotis hermani
Myotis horsfieldii
Myotis hosonoi
Myotis ikonnikovi
Myotis insularum
Myotis keaysi
Myotis keenii
Myotis laniger
Myotis latirostris
Myotis leibii
Myotis levis
Myotis longipes
Myotis lucifugus
Myotis macrodactylus
Myotis macropus
Myotis macrotarsus
Myotis martiniquensis
Myotis melanorhinus
Myotis moluccarum
Myotis montivagus
Myotis morrisi
Myotis muricola
Myotis myotis
Myotis mystacinus
Myotis nattereri
Myotis nesopolus
Myotis nigricans
Myotis nipalensis
Myotis occultus
Myotis oreias
Myotis oxygnathus
Myotis oxyotus
Myotis ozensis
Myotis peninsularis
Myotis pequinius
Myotis petax
Myotis phanluongi
Myotis planiceps
Myotis pruinosus
Myotis punicus
Myotis ricketti
Myotis ridleyi
Myotis riparius
Myotis rosseti
Myotis ruber
Myotis schaubi
Myotis scotti
Myotis septentrionalis
Myotis sicarius
Myotis siligorensis
Myotis simus
Myotis sodalis
Myotis stalkeri
Myotis taixanensis
Myotis thysanodes
Myotis tricolor
Myotis velifer
Myotis vivesi
Myotis volans
Myotis welwitschii
Myotis yanbarensis
Myotis yesoensis
Myotis yumanensis
Genus: Arielulus
Arielulus aureocollaris
Arielulus circumdatus
Arielulus cuprosus
Arielulus societatis
Arielulus torquatus
Genus: Eptesicus
Eptesicus andinus
Eptesicus bobrinskoi
Eptesicus bottae
Eptesicus brasiliensis
Eptesicus chiriquinus
Eptesicus diminutus
Eptesicus floweri
Eptesicus furinalis
Eptesicus fuscus
Eptesicus gobiensis
Eptesicus guadeloupensis
Eptesicus hottentotus
Eptesicus innoxius
Eptesicus japonensis
Eptesicus kobayashii
Eptesicus lobatus
Eptesicus lynni
Eptesicus matroka
Eptesicus nasutus
Eptesicus nilssoni
Eptesicus pachyotis
Eptesicus platyops
Eptesicus serotinus
Eptesicus taddeii
Eptesicus tatei
Genus: Hesperoptenus
Hesperoptenus blanfordi
Hesperoptenus doriae
Hesperoptenus gaskelli
Hesperoptenus tickelli
Hesperoptenus tomesi
Genus: Lasiurus
Lasiurus atratus
Lasiurus blossevillii
Lasiurus borealis
Lasiurus castaneus
Lasiurus cinereus
Lasiurus degelidus
Lasiurus ebenus
Lasiurus ega
Lasiurus egregius
Lasiurus insularis
Lasiurus intermedius
Lasiurus minor
Lasiurus pfeifferi
Lasiurus salinae
Lasiurus seminolus
Lasiurus varius
Lasiurus xanthinus
Genus: Nycticeinops
Nycticeinops schlieffeni
Genus: Nycticeius
Nycticeius aenobarbus
Nycticeius cubanus
Nycticeius humeralis
Genus: Rhogeessa
Rhogeessa aeneus
Rhogeessa alleni
Rhogeessa genowaysi
Rhogeessa gracilis
Rhogeessa hussoni
Rhogeessa io
Rhogeessa minutilla
Rhogeessa mira
Rhogeessa parvula
Rhogeessa tumida
Rhogeessa velilla
Genus: Scoteanax
Scoteanax rueppellii
Genus: Scotoecus
Scotoecus albigula
Scotoecus albofuscus
Scotoecus hindei
Scotoecus hirundo
Scotoecus pallidus
Genus: Scotomanes
Scotomanes ornatus
Genus: Scotophilus
Scotophilus borbonicus
Scotophilus celebensis
Scotophilus collinus
Scotophilus dinganii
Scotophilus heathii
Scotophilus kuhlii
Scotophilus leucogaster
Scotophilus marovaza
Scotophilus mhlanganii
Scotophilus nigrita
Scotophilus nucella
Scotophilus nux
Scotophilus robustus
Scotophilus tandrefana
Scotophilus viridis
Genus: Scotorepens
Scotorepens balstoni
Scotorepens greyii
Scotorepens orion
Scotorepens sanborni
Genus: Nyctophilus
Nyctophilus arnhemensis
Nyctophilus bifax
Nyctophilus corbeni
Nyctophilus daedalus
Nyctophilus geoffroyi
Nyctophilus gouldi
Nyctophilus heran
Nyctophilus howensis
Nyctophilus major
Nyctophilus microdon
Nyctophilus microtis
Nyctophilus nebulosus
Nyctophilus timoriensis
Nyctophilus sherrini
Nyctophilus shirleyae
Nyctophilus walkeri
Genus: Pharotis
Pharotis imogene
Genus: Glischropus
Glischropus javanus
Glischropus tylopus
Genus: Nyctalus
Nyctalus aviator
Nyctalus azoreum
Nyctalus furvus
Nyctalus lasiopterus
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus montanus
Nyctalus noctula
Nyctalus plancyi
Genus: Parastrellus
Parastrellus hesperus
Genus: Perimyotis
Perimyotis subflavus
Genus: Pipistrellus
Pipistrellus abramus
Pipistrellus adamsi
Pipistrellus aero
Pipistrellus angulatus
Pipistrellus ceylonicus
Pipistrellus collinus
Pipistrellus coromandra
Pipistrellus deserti
Pipistrellus endoi
Pipistrellus grandidieri
Pipistrellus hanaki
Pipistrellus hesperidus
Pipistrellus inexspectatus
Pipistrellus javanicus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus maderensis
Pipistrellus minahassae
Pipistrellus nanulus
Pipistrellus nathusii
Pipistrellus papuanus
Pipistrellus paterculus
Pipistrellus permixtus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Pipistrellus raceyi
Pipistrellus rueppelli
Pipistrellus rusticus
Pipistrellus stenopterus
Pipistrellus subflavus
Pipistrellus tenuis
Pipistrellus wattsi
Pipistrellus westralis
Genus: Scotozous
Scotozous dormeri
Genus: Barbastella
Barbastella barbastellus
Barbastella beijingensis
Barbastella leucomelas
Genus: Corynorhinus
Corynorhinus mexicanus
Corynorhinus rafinesquii
Corynorhinus townsendii
Genus: Euderma
Euderma maculatum
Genus: Idionycteris
Idionycteris phyllotis
Genus: Otonycteris
Otonycteris hemprichii
Genus: Plecotus
Plecotus ariel
Plecotus auritus
Plecotus austriacus
Plecotus balensis
Plecotus begognae
Plecotus christiei
Plecotus gaisleri
Plecotus homochrous
Plecotus kolombatovici
Plecotus kozlovi
Plecotus macrobullaris
Plecotus ognevi
Plecotus sacrimontis
Plecotus sardus
Plecotus strelkovi
Plecotus taivanus
Plecotus teneriffae
Plecotus turkmenicus
Plecotus wardi
Genus: Chalinolobus
Chalinolobus dwyeri
Chalinolobus gouldii
Chalinolobus morio
Chalinolobus neocaledonicus
Chalinolobus nigrogriseus
Chalinolobus picatus
Chalinolobus tuberculatus
Genus: Eudiscopus
Eudiscopus denticulus
Genus: Falsistrellus
Falsistrellus affinis
Falsistrellus mackenziei
Falsistrellus mordax
Falsistrellus petersi
Falsistrellus tasmaniensis
Genus: Glauconycteris
Glauconycteris alboguttata
Glauconycteris argentata
Glauconycteris beatrix
Glauconycteris curryae
Glauconycteris egeria
Glauconycteris gleni
Glauconycteris humeralis
Glauconycteris kenyacola
Glauconycteris machadoi
Glauconycteris poensis
Glauconycteris superba
Glauconycteris variegata
Genus: Histiotus
Histiotus alienus
Histiotus humboldti
Histiotus laephotis
Histiotus macrotis
Histiotus magellanicus
Histiotus montanus
Histiotus velatus
Genus: Hypsugo
Hypsugo alaschanicus
Hypsugo aschietae
Hypsugo anthonyi
Hypsugo arabicus
Hypsugo ariel
Hypsugo bodenheimeri
Hypsugo cadornae
Hypsugo crassulus
Hypsugo eisentrauti
Hypsugo imbricati
Hypsugo joffrei
Hypsugo kitcheneri
Hypsugo lophurus
Hypsugo macrotis
Hypsugo musciculus
Hypsugo pulveratus
Hypsugo savii
Hypsugo vordermanni
Genus: Ia
Ia io
Genus: Laephotis
Laephotis angolensis
Laephotis botswanae
Laephotis namibensis
Laephotis wintoni
Genus: Mimetillus
Mimetillus moloneyi
Genus: Neoromicia
Neoromicia brunneus
Neoromicia capensis
Neoromicia flavescens
Neoromicia guineensis
Neoromicia helios
Neoromicia malagasyensis
Neoromicia matroka
Neoromicia melckorum
Neoromicia nanus
Neoromicia rendalli
Neoromicia somalicus
Neoromicia tenuipinnis
Neoromicia zuluensis
Genus: Philetor
Philetor brachypterus
Genus: Tylonycteris
Tylonycteris pachypus
Tylonycteris pygmaeus
Tylonycteris robustula
Genus: Vespadelus
Vespadelus baverstocki
Vespadelus caurinus
Vespadelus darlingtoni
Vespadelus douglasorum
Vespadelus finlaysoni
Vespadelus pumilus
Vespadelus regulus
Vespadelus troughtoni
Vespadelus vulturnus
Genus: Vespertilio
Vespertilio murinus
Vespertilio sinensis
