Pemoline

Pemoline

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy cat.	B U.S.
Legal status	Schedule IV (United States) Schedule IV (Canada) Lista II (Argentina)
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50% bound to plasma proteins
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half-life	12 hours
Excretion	?
Identifiers
CAS number	2152-34-3 N
ATC code	N06BA05
PubChem	CID 4723
DrugBank	DB01230
ChemSpider	4561 Y
UNII	7GAQ2332NK Y
KEGG	D00744 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1177 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C9H8N2O2
Mol. mass	176.172 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
InChI InChI=1S/C9H8N2O2/c10-9-11-8(12)7(13-9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H,(H2,10,11,12) Y Key:NRNCYVBFPDDJNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
N (what is this?)  (verify)

Pemoline (pemolina) was first synthesized in 1913^[1] but its activity was not discovered until the 1930s^[2]. Under the names Betanamin, Cylert, Tradon, and Ceractiv it was used as a medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, it is a Schedule IV drug.^[3] It is no longer generally available in the United States. Pemoline Magnesium, a chelate between pemoline and magnesium, displays certain pharmacological advantages over pemoline. The compound is the monohydrate of an equimolar mixture between pemoline and magnesium hydroxide. The absorption of pemoline magnesium is more rapid and the duration of action is extended, and the effect is more reliable.

Mechanism of action

Unlike other psychostimulants which are dopaminergic, pemoline is thought to be dopamimetic in nature. Pemoline passes the blood brain barrier and acts a surrogate for dopamine, not effecting endogenous intracellular dopamine. For this reason, and the fact that it has little or no affinity for adrenaline receptors, pemoline has minimal sympathomimetic side effects such as: dry mouth, reduction in appetite, high blood pressure, increased heart rate, constriction of smooth muscle, cardiac stress, dilated pupils and insomnia. There is some data to suggest that pemoline is a nootropic acting as a catalyst conductor in the synapses of the brain's memory centers, raising the efficiency of memory and assisting RNA formation in the brain. While drugs like Adderall and Ritalin are classified as Schedule II, pemoline is listed as Schedule IV (non-narcotic.) In studies conducted on primates, pemoline fails to demonstrate a potential for self-administration.

Interactions

Other stimulants and MAOI’s are contraindicated with pemoline.

Discontinuation

In March 2005 Abbott Laboratories discontinued production of Cylert, citing economic reasons.

Overdose

Overdose of pemoline may present with choreoathetosis symptoms.^[4]

See also

• 4-Methylaminorex
• Aminorex
• Clominorex
• Cyclazodone
• Fenozolone
• Fluminorex
• Thozalinone

References

External links

• Pemoline monograph at HealthyPlace.com
• AScribe Newswire press release about the withdrawal.
• Pemoline (patient information)
• Cylert Discontinued Press Release