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Of or relating to the penis.

Of or pertaining to the penis.

• p. abscess — causes apparent swelling of the ventral body line of affected bulls. The lesions are moderately painful to touch, are firm and hard and persist for long periods. Associated adhesions make it impossible for the bull to extrude the penis.
• p. amputation — carried out in horses for treatment of extensive neoplasms and granulomas and for paralysis of the penis.
• p. bulb — a swelling at the origin of the corpus spongiosum penis.
• p. crura — the origins of the corpus cavernosum penis at the ischial arch.
• p. deviation — a common defect only in bulls in which an abnormality of the apical ligament, present congenitally or caused by trauma, causes a spiral, lateral or ventral deviation of the penis, causing difficulty in mating. See also corkscrew penis.
• p. erection — see erection.
• p. eversion — see penile prolapse (below).
• p. frenulum — see penile preputial frenulum.
• p. glans — see glans penis.
• p. hair-ring — long hairs from the preputial orifice pack up around the penis of the bull and cause pressure necrosis occasionally creating a hypospadias. Can occur in any species carrying preputial hairs.
• p. hematoma — in bulls, in which it is a common event, it is caused by trauma while the bull is mating a cow. It occurs halfway along the penis with an obvious swelling and an inability to breed cows. There is a tear in the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum and a surrounding hematoma.
• p. hypoplasia — occurs as part of an intersex deformity or as a sequel to prepubertal castration.
• inadequate p. protrusion — due to congenital shortness of the penis, adhesions caused by injury and hematoma, and persistence of the penile frenulum.
• p. ossification — common radiological finding in aged dogs; ossification caudal to os penis.
• p. paralysis — common only in stallions, due to local neurological lesion, or as a rare occurrence after the administration of phenothiazine-derived tranquilizers or severe debility.
• persistent p. frenulum — see penile preputial frenulum.
• p. prepuce — see prepuce.
• p. prolapse — inability to withdraw the penis into the prepuce, other than a paraphimosis. Not to be confused with phimosis; paralysis does occur in disease of the spinal cord, e.g. in some cases of rabies.
• p. protrusion failure — caused by persistent frenulum, adhesions to prepuce, fibropapilloma.
• p. sigmoid flexure — the S-shaped bend in the penis of ruminants and pigs, present when the penis is not erect, and the principal mechanism for reducing the length of the organ in these species.
• p. tiedown — an adhesion of the penis to the prepuce created artificially to prepare the animal as a teaser.
• p. translocation — surgical operations to direct the penis so that the bull cannot serve a cow.
• p. tunica albuginea — the dense connective tissue covering of the corpus cavernosum penis.