PEPA

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PEPA (drug)

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For the process algebra, see PEPA.

PEPA (drug)

Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-[2,6-difluoro-4-({2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}thio)phenoxy]acetamide
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	Investigational New Medicine
Identifiers
CAS number	141286-78-4
ATC code	?
PubChem	CID 6603828
Synonyms	PEPA
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₆H₁₆F₂N₂O₄S₂
Mol. mass	402.436 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Y (what is this?) (verify)

PEPA is an ampakine drug which acts as an allosteric potentiator of AMPA receptor desensitisation,^[1]^[2] which is up to 100x more potent than aniracetam in vitro.^[3] It produces memory-enhancing effects in rats when administered intravenously.^[4]

References

^ Sekiguchi, M; Takeo, J; Harada, T; Morimoto, T; Kudo, Y; Yamashita, S; Kohsaka, S; Wada, K (1998). "Pharmacological detection of AMPA receptor heterogeneity by use of two allosteric potentiators in rat hippocampal cultures". British Journal of Pharmacology 123 (7): 1294–303. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701707. PMC 1565288. PMID 9579722. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1565288.
^ Sekiguchi, M; Nishikawa, K; Aoki, S; Wada, K (2002). "A desensitization-selective potentiator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology 136 (7): 1033–41. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704804. PMC 1573432. PMID 12145103. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1573432.
^ Sekiguchi, M; Fleck, MW; Mayer, ML; Takeo, J; Chiba, Y; Yamashita, S; Wada, K (1997). "A novel allosteric potentiator of AMPA receptors: 4--2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio--2,6-difluoro-phenoxyaceta mide". Journal of Neuroscience 17 (15): 5760–71. PMID 9221774.
^ Sekiguchi, M; Yamada, K; Jin, J; Hachitanda, M; Murata, Y; Namura, S; Kamichi, S; Kimura, I et al. (2001). "The AMPA receptor allosteric potentiator PEPA ameliorates post-ischemic memory impairment". NeuroReport 12 (13): 2947–50. DOI:10.1097/00001756-200109170-00038. PMID 11588608.

Psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD, and nootropics (N06B)

Centrally acting sympathomimetics

Amphetamine • Amphetaminil • Atomoxetine • Dexmethylphenidate • Dextroamphetamine • Dextromethamphetamine • Fencamfamine • Fenethylline • Lisdexamfetamine • Methylphenidate • Mesocarb • Pemoline • Pipradrol • Prolintane

Xanthine derivatives

Caffeine • Fenethylline

Glutamate receptor

Racetams	Aniracetam • Nefiracetam • Noopept • Oxiracetam • Phenylpiracetam • Piracetam • Pramiracetam

Ampakines	CX-516 • CX-546 • CX-614 • CX-691 • CX-717 • IDRA-21 • LY-404,187 • LY-503,430 • PEPA • S-18986 • Sunifiram • Unifiram

Eugeroics / Benzhydryl compounds

Adrafinil • Armodafinil • Modafinil

Histamine H3 receptor antagonists

A-349,821 • ABT-239 • Ciproxifan • GSK-189,254

GABA_A α₅ inverse agonists

α₅IA • L-655,708 • PWZ-029 • Suritozole • TB-21007 • ZK-93426

Dopamine D1 receptor agonists

A-77636 • Dihydrexidine • Dinapsoline • Doxanthrine • SKF-81297 • 6-Br-APB • Clozapine

α7 nicotinic agonists / PAMs

AR-R17779 • PNU-282,987 • SSR-180,711

Prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors

S-17092

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Clonidine • Guanfacine

Plants

Paullinia cupana (Guarana) • Eleutherococcus senticosus

Antioxidants

Stabilized R-(+)-lipoic acid (RLA)

Other psychostimulants and nootropics

Acetylcarnitine • Adafenoxate • Bifemelane • Carbenoxolone • Citicoline • Cyprodenate • Ensaculin • Idebenone • Ispronicline • Deanol • Dimebon • Fipexide • Leteprinim • Linopirdine • Meclofenoxate • Nizofenone • P7C3 • Pirisudanol • Pyritinol • Rubidium • Sulbutiamine • Taltirelin • Tricyanoaminopropene • Vinpocetine • Phosphatidylserine • Tyrosine

M: PSO/PSI

mepr

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc(eval/thrp), drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)

Glutamatergics

Ionotropic

AMPA	Agonists: 5-Fluorowillardiine AMPA Domoic acid Quisqualic acid; Positive allosteric modulators: Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 CX-691 CX-717 Diazoxide HCTZ IDRA-21 LY-392,098 LY-404,187 LY-451,395 LY-451,646 LY-503,430 Org 26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Sunifiram Unifiram Antagonists: ATPO Barbiturates BGG492 Caroverine CNQX DNQX GYKI-52466 NBQX Perampanel Talampanel Tezampanel Topiramate; Negative allosteric modulators: GYKI-53,655

NMDA	Agonists: Glutamate/acite site competitive agonists: Aspartate Glutamate Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine; Glycine site agonists: ACBD ACPC ACPD Alanine CCG Cycloserine DHPG Fluoroalanine Glycine HA-966 L-687,414 Milacemide Sarcosine Serine Tetrazolylglycine; Polyamine site agonists: Acamprosate Spermidine Spermine Antagonists: Competitive antagonists: AP5 (APV) AP7 CGP-37849 CGP-39551 CGP-39653 CGP-40116 CGS-19755 CPP LY-233,053 LY-235,959 LY-274,614 MDL-100,453 Midafotel (d-CPPene) NPC-12,626 NPC-17,742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ-220581 Selfotel; Noncompetitive antagonists: ARR-15,896 Caroverine Dexanabinol FPL-12495 FR-115,427 Hodgkinsine Magnesium MDL-27,266 NPS-1506 Psychotridine Zinc; Uncompetitive pore blockers: 2-MDP 3-MeO-PCP 8A-PDHQ Alaproclate Amantadine Aptiganel ARL-12,495 ARL-15,896-AR ARL-16,247 Budipine Delucemine Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dieticyclidine Dizocilpine Endopsychosin Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Gacyclidine Ibogaine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Loperamide Memantine Meperidine (Pethidine) Methadone (Levomethadone) Methorphan (Dextromethorphan Levomethorphan) Methoxetamine Milnacipran Morphanol (Dextrorphan Levorphanol) NEFA Neramexane Nitrous oxide Noribogaine Orphenadrine PCPr Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Riluzole Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol Xenon; Glycine site antagonists: ACEA-1021 ACEA-1328 ACPC Carisoprodol CGP-39653 CKA DCKA Felbamate Gavestinel GV-196,771 Kynurenic acid L-689,560 L-701,324 Lacosamide Licostinel LU-73,068 MDL-105,519 Meprobamate MRZ 2/576 PNQX ZD-9379; NR2B subunit antagonists: Besonprodil CO-101,244 (PD-174,494) CP-101,606 Eliprodil Haloperidol Ifenprodil Isoxsuprine Nylidrin Ro8-4304 Ro25-6981 Traxoprodil; Polyamine site antagonists: Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Acamprosate Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine Ro 25-6981; Unclassified/unsorted antagonists: Chloroform Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol (Alcohol) Halothane Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Xylene

Kainate	Agonists: 5-Iodowillardiine ATPA Domoic acid Kainic acid LY-339,434 SYM-2081 Antagonists: BGG492 CNQX DNQX LY-382,884 NBQX NS102 Tezampanel Topiramate UBP-302; Negative allosteric modulators: NS-3763

Metabotropic

Group I	Agonists: Non-selective: ACPD DHPG Quisqualic acid; mGlu1-selective: Ro01-6128 Ro67-4853 Ro67-7476 VU-71; mGlu5-selective: ADX-47273 CDPPB CHPG DFB VU-1545 Antagonists: Non-selective: MCPG NPS-2390; mGlu1-selective: BAY 36-7620 CPCCOEt LY-367,385 LY-456,236; mGlu5-selective: CTEP Dipraglurant DMeOB LY-344,545 SIB-1757 SIB-1893; Negative allosteric modulators: Fenobam MPEP MTEP GRN-529

Group II	Agonists: Non-selective: CBiPES DCG-IV Eglumegad LY-379,268 LY-404,039 LY-487,379 MGS-0028; mGlu2-selective: BINA LY-566,332 Antagonists: Non-selective: APICA EGLU HYDIA LY-307,452 LY-341,495 MCPG MGS-0039: mGlu2-selective: PCCG-4; mGlu3-selective: CECXG; Negative allosteric modulators: RO4491533

Group III	Agonists: Non-selective: L-AP4; mGlu4-selective: PHCCC VU-001,171 VU-0155,041; mGlu7-selective: AMN082; mGlu8-selective: DCPG Antagonists: Non-selective: CPPG MAP4 MSOP MPPG MTPG UBP-1112; mGlu7-selective: MMPIP

Transporter
inhibitors

EAATs	DHKA PDC WAY-213,613

vGluTs	7-CKA Evans blue

Others

Precursors	L-Glutamine

Cofactors	α-Ketoglutaric acid Iron Sulfur Vitamin B2 (as FAD and FMN) Vitamin B3 (as NADPH)

Others	L-Theanine

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