(b Jablonec, 2 Dec 1899; d Ridgefield, ct, 2 Oct 1990). American conductor. He studied in Prague and held posts in Berlin and Kiev before going to the USA in 1939; there he worked with Toscanini at the NBC, conducted the Baltimore SO (1959-68), made his début at the Met in 1972 and did much for television opera, commissioning new works.




