n.
A bitter crystalline compound, C30H34O13, derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine (Animirta cocculus) and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
picrotoxic pic'ro·tox'ic adj.
picrotoxin
Dictionary:
pic·ro·tox·in (pĭk'rə-tŏk'sĭn)  |
| 5min Related Video: picrotoxin |
| Medical Dictionary: pic·ro·tox·in |
(pĭk'rə-tŏk'sĭn)
n.
n.
A bitter crystalline compound derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
| Veterinary Dictionary: picrotoxin |
A central nervous system and respiratory stimulant formerly used in barbiturate and other anesthetic poisonings; extracted from the seeds of the plant Anamirta cocculus.
| Wikipedia: Picrotoxin |
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Picrotoxin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| ? | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 124-87-8 |
| ATC code | none |
| PubChem | 5360688 |
| DrugBank | APRD00269 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C30H34O13 |
| Mol. mass | 602.583 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ?
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Picrotoxin,[1] also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound, first isolated by Boullay in 1812.[2]
Found primarily in Cocculus indicus and Anamirta cocculus, it has a strong physiological action. It acts as a non-competitive antagonist for the GABAA receptor chloride channels. It is therefore a channel blocker rather than a receptor antagonist. As GABA itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, infusion of picrotoxin has stimulant and convulsant effects.
Chemical structure
Picrotoxin (C30H34O13) consists of two substances, picrotoxinin (C15H1606) and picrotin (C15H1807).[3]
References
- ^ The name "picrotoxin" is a combination of the Greek words "picros" (bitter) and "toxicon" (poison) [Boullay (1812), page 31].
- ^ Pierre F. G. Boullay, "Analyse chimique de la Coque du Levant, Menispermum cocculus," Bulletin de Pharmacie, vol. 4, pages 1-34 (1812). [Note: Menispermum cocculus has been renamed Anamirta cocculus.]
- ^ Chemical structure of picrotoxin is available here: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?N4=P1675%7CSIGMA&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&F=SPEC .
- L. Dupont, O. Dideberg, J. Lamotte-Brasseur et L. Angenot (1976). "Structure cristalline et moléculaire de la picrotoxine, C15H16O6.C15H18O7". Acta Cryst. B32: 2987–2993. (in French)
External links
- Ehrenberger K, Benkoe E, Felix D (1982). "Suppressive action of picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, on labyrinthine spontaneous nystagmus and vertigo in man". Acta Otolaryngol. 93 (3-4): 269–73. doi:. PMID 7064710.
- Basic Neurochemistry: GABA Receptor Physiology and Pharmacology
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Medical Dictionary. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Read more |
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| Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Picrotoxin". Read more |
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