
A bitter crystalline compound derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
| picosecond, picornavirus, picoplankton | |
| piericidin A, pig, pigeon |
A central nervous system and respiratory stimulant formerly used in barbiturate and other anesthetic poisonings; extracted from the seeds of the plant Anamirta cocculus.
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy cat. | ? |
| Legal status | ? |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 124-87-8 |
| ATC code | None |
| PubChem | CID 5360688 |
| IUPHAR ligand | 4051 |
| DrugBank | DB00466 |
| ChemSpider | 16736444 |
| UNII | ZLT174DL7U |
| KEGG | C09529 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL506977 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C30H34O13 |
| Mol. mass | 602.583 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Picrotoxin, also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound, first isolated by Pierre Boullay in 1812.[1] The name "picrotoxin" is a combination of the Greek words "picros" (bitter) and "toxicon" (poison).[2]
Found primarily in the fruit of the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus, it has a strong physiological action. It acts as a noncompetitive antagonist for the GABAA receptor chloride channels. It is therefore a channel blocker rather than a receptor antagonist. As GABA itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, infusion of picrotoxin has stimulant and convulsant effects. As such, picrotoxin can be used to counter barbiturate poisoning, that can occur during general anesthesia or during a large intake outside of the hospital.[3]
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Picrotoxin (C30H34O13) is an equimolar mixture of two compounds, picrotoxinin (C15H16O6) and picrotin (C15H18O7).[4]
Picrotoxin is classified as an illegal performance-enhancing "Class 1 substance" by the American Quarterhorse Association. The recommended penalty for a first offense is a one-year suspension and a $10,000 fine.
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