picrotoxin
American Heritage Dictionary:
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pic·ro·tox·in
(pĭk'rə-tŏk'sĭn) 
n.
A bitter crystalline compound, C30H34O13, derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine (Animirta cocculus) and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
picrotoxic pic'ro·tox'ic adj.
n.
A bitter crystalline compound, C30H34O13, derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine (Animirta cocculus) and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
picrotoxic pic'ro·tox'ic adj.
American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary:
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pic·ro·tox·in
(pĭk'rə-tŏk'sĭn)
n.
n.
A bitter crystalline compound derived from the seed of an East Indian woody vine and used as a stimulant, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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picrotoxin
or cocculin
a preparation containing an equimolar mixture of picrotoxinin (C15H16O6) and picrotin (C15H18O7) obtained from the seeds of Anamirta cocculus (fishberries). It contains a potent ligand for the chloride ionophore of the GABAA receptor, binding to the channel protein and inhibiting Cl− transport without displacing GABA; this endows it with potent convulsant activity. It can thus also act as an antidote to barbiturates, which enhance GABA binding. It is displaced from its binding site by anticonvulsants.
a preparation containing an equimolar mixture of picrotoxinin (C15H16O6) and picrotin (C15H18O7) obtained from the seeds of Anamirta cocculus (fishberries). It contains a potent ligand for the chloride ionophore of the GABAA receptor, binding to the channel protein and inhibiting Cl− transport without displacing GABA; this endows it with potent convulsant activity. It can thus also act as an antidote to barbiturates, which enhance GABA binding. It is displaced from its binding site by anticonvulsants.
| picosecond, picornavirus, picoplankton | |
| piericidin A, pig, pigeon |
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:
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picrotoxin
A central nervous system and respiratory stimulant formerly used in barbiturate and other anesthetic poisonings; extracted from the seeds of the plant Anamirta cocculus.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Picrotoxin
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| Clinical data | |
| Pregnancy cat. | ? |
| Legal status | ? |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 124-87-8  |
| ATC code | None |
| PubChem | CID 5360688 |
| IUPHAR ligand | 4051 |
| DrugBank | DB00466 |
| ChemSpider | 16736444 |
| UNII | ZLT174DL7U |
| KEGG | C09529  |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL506977 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C30H34O13 |
| Mol. mass | 602.583 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Picrotoxin, also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound, first isolated by Pierre Boullay in 1812.[1] The name "picrotoxin" is a combination of the Greek words "picros" (bitter) and "toxicon" (poison).[2]
Found primarily in the fruit of the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus, it has a strong physiological action. It acts as a noncompetitive antagonist for the GABAA receptor chloride channels. It is therefore a channel blocker rather than a receptor antagonist. As GABA itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, infusion of picrotoxin has stimulant and convulsant effects. As such, picrotoxin can be used to counter barbiturate poisoning, that can occur during general anesthesia or during a large intake outside of the hospital.[3]
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Contents
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Chemical structure
Picrotoxin (C30H34O13) is an equimolar mixture of two compounds, picrotoxinin (C15H16O6) and picrotin (C15H18O7).[4]
Other uses
Picrotoxin is classified as an illegal performance-enhancing "Class 1 substance" by the American Quarterhorse Association. The recommended penalty for a first offense is a one-year suspension and a $10,000 fine.
References
- ^ Boullay, P. F. G. (1812). "Analyse chimique de la Coque du Levant, Menispermum cocculus" (in French). Bulletin de Pharmacie 4: 1–34. http://books.google.com/books?id=pgE4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false. (Note: "Menispermum cocculus" has been renamed "Anamirta cocculus".)
- ^ Boullay, P. F. G. (1812). "Analyse chimique de la Coque du Levant, Menispermum cocculus" (in French). Bulletin de Pharmacie 4: 31. http://books.google.com/books?id=pgE4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q&f=false. (Note: "Menispermum cocculus" has been renamed "Anamirta cocculus".)
- ^ Nilsson, E.; Eyrich, B. (1950). "On Treatment of Barbiturate Poisoning". Acta Medica Scandinavica 137 (6): 381–389. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1950.tb12129.x. PMID 15432128.
- ^ "Picrotoxin". Catalog. Sigma Aldrich. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?N4=P1675%7CSIGMA&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&F=SPEC..
External links
- Ehrenberger, K.; Benkoe, E.; Felix, D. (1982). "Suppressive Action of Picrotoxin, a GABA Antagonist, on Labyrinthine Spontaneous Nystagmus and Vertigo in Man". Acta Oto-Laryngologica 93 (3–4): 269–273. doi:10.3109/00016488209130882. PMID 7064710. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00016488209130882.
- Dupont, L.; Dideberg, O.; Lamotte-Brasseur, J.; Angenot, L. (1976). "Structure cristalline et moléculaire de la picrotoxine, C15H16O6.C15H18O7" (in French). Acta Crystallografica B32: 2987–2993.
- Siegel G. J.; Agranoff, B. W.; Albers, R. W. et al., ed. (1999). "GABA Receptor Physiology and Pharmacology". Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippincott-Raven. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=bnchm.section.1181.
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American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
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