| Pierre Lorillard II | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 7, 1764 New York, United States |
| Died | May 23, 1843 New York, United States |
| Resting place | New York Marble Cemetery [1] |
| Known for | Tobacco manufacturer |
| Spouse(s) | Maria Dorothea Schultz[1] |
| Children | Maria Dorothea (b. 1790) Catherine (b. 1792) Pierre III (b. 1796) Dorothea Anne (b. 1798) Eleanor Eliza (b. 1801 ) |
| Parents | Pierre Abraham Lorillard Catherine Moor |
| Relatives | Pierre Lorillard IV, grandson |
Pierre Lorillard II (September 7, 1764 - May 23, 1843) also known as Pierre (Peter) Lorillard Jr., was an American tobacco manufacturer, industrialist, banker, businessman, and real estate tycoon.[2][3]
Contents |
Biography
Lorillard was born in New York,[3] thewas the son of Pierre Abraham Lorillard and Catherine Moore.[3] He married Maria Dorothea Schultz in 1788 and they had five children.[3] They lived at 521 Broadway in Manhattan.[3]
Lorillard's father, also known as 'Pierre Lorillard I', was the founder of the Lorillard Tobacco Company.[4] Lorillard's father made the first American tobacco fortune by developing a tobacco firm that he started in 1760.[4] Originally the business was a snuff-grinding factory located in a rented house in lower Manhattan. It was called Lorillard's Snuff and Tobacco company and sometimes, the name was abbreviated as, J. Lorillard. [4] Later the firm moved to a better location that was on the Bronx River. Lorillard II took over and continued to manage and operate the family business after his father's death in 1776.[3]
Lorillard was a prominent citizen of Manhattan. One New Yorker wrote of him, concerning a prison break and the old jail bell and its peculiar sound,
| “ | I remember its sounding for a break-out by the prisoners, about the year 1800. Old Peter Lorillard, the tobacconist, was shot by a prisoner whom he tried to arrest. It was some months before he recovered.[5] | ” |
Social clubs
Lorillard II was a member of social clubs, one being a fox-hunting club called the Meadow Brook Hunt Country Club and another as the Narragansett Gun Club.[6] He often is associated with Tuxedo Park, sometimes called the first American country club, since between 1802 and 1812 he purchased the first tracts of land upon which it later would be developed.[7] The village and the surrounding area were developed in 1886 by his grandson, Pierre Lorillard IV, as a resort for socially prominent people and was named a country club. The forerunner for the concept was founded earlier, however, in 1882 at Brookline, Massachusetts at The Country Club, Chestnut Hill.[8]
Death
Lorillard died in May 1843 at the age of seventy-nine outliving his brothers George and Jacob.[9] A newspaper reporter then writing his obituary tried to describe an extremely wealthy American and used the relatively new word, "millionaire".[10][11][12][13]
While the word "millionaire" had been in use since 1816, [14] apparently it was used for the first time in the United States in 1843 when it was used to describe this wealthy tobacco merchant, although Lorillard was not the first American to own one million dollars worth of property.[15][16] He may have been one of the wealthiest men in America, however, he definitely was not the richest at the time.[16] John Jacob Astor was the wealthiest man in America at that time.[17] Lorillard just happened to have been the first to be called a millionaire in newspapers.[18][19][20][21] Cleveland Amory incorrectly reports that it was in Lorillard's 1843 obituary that the first use of the word "millionaire" was put in print anywhere.[22][23]
Philip Hone, one-time mayor of New York, wrote in his famous diary about Lorillard,
| “ | He was a tobacconist, and his memory will be preserved in the annals of New York by the celebrity of "Lorillard's Snuff and Tobacco." He led people by the nose for the best part of the century, and made his enormous fortune by giving them that to chew which they could not swallow.[10][21] | ” |
References
- ^ a b "Lorillard Family Genealogy Forum - NYC, 1831 PETER LORILLARD". http://genforum.genealogy.com/lorillard/messages/4.html. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ Myers, p. 196, Thus, when Pierre Lorillard, a New York snuff maker, banker, and landholder, died in 1843, his fortune of $1,000,000 or so, was considered so unusual that the word "millionaire", newly-coined, was initialized in the rounds of the press.
- ^ a b c d e f "A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe". http://www.thepeerage.com/p17525.htm#i175242. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ a b c "New York City Department of Parks & Recreation". http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=6253. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "History of the Fire Department of the City of New York". http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/fire/1-10/ch5pt1.html. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ Whitney, p. 318
- ^ Dictionary of American Biography, American Council of Learned Societies 1933, p. 412
- ^ Baltzell, p. 357
- ^ "Reminiscences of New York by an Octogenarian (1816 - 1860)". http://www.jmisc.net/octo/octo-20.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
- ^ a b Larrabee, p. 239
- ^ "History in Asphalt: The Origin of Bronx Street and Place Names, page 129". http://books.google.com/books?id=qUfosR3PMQoC&pg=PA129&dq=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&sig=ACfU3U2WK-5NicrNl7Tk4IMhNQluXMQsSA. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "Wealth and Poverty in America: A Reader By Dalton Conley, page 145". http://books.google.com/books?id=zGLxiFpFWKcC&pg=PA145&dq=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&sig=ACfU3U0FEOdlcKTJRQUf8Oij6_VB744xuw. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "Dynamics of Community Change: The Case of Long Island's Declining "Gold Coast" By Dennis P. Sobin , page 34". http://books.google.com/books?id=-JIFAAAAMAAJ&q=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&dq=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&pgis=1. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "Millionaire (n and adj)" (available online to subscribers but also available in print). Oxford English Dictionary. http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00309741?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=millionaire&first=1&max_to_show=10. Retrieved 2008-07-20. ""1816 BYRON Let. 23 June (1976) V. 80 He is still worth at least 50-000 pds{em}being what is called here [sc. Evian] a ‘Millionaire’ that is in Francs & such Lilliputian coinage. 1826 B. DISRAELI Vivian Grey I. ix, Were I the son of a Millionaire, or a noble, I might have all.""
- ^ "Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates: Buildings and Projects 1993-1998 By Jerry E. Patterson, page 119". http://books.google.com/books?id=ZLwMAAAAYAAJ&q=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&dq=millionaire+Peter+lorillard&pgis=1. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ a b "The Story of Alexander Brown & Sons: Issued on the One Hundred and Twenty, page 25". http://books.google.com/books?id=Ya-EAAAAIAAJ&q=millionaire+Peter+lorillard+John+Jacob+Astor&dq=millionaire+Peter+lorillard+John+Jacob+Astor&pgis=1. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "A Classification of American Wealth". http://www.raken.com/American_Wealth/OTHER/newsletter/chronicle150506.asp. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "One-night Stands with American History: Odd, Amusing, and Little-known Incidents". http://books.google.com/books?id=SEkD9WnGscIC&pg=PA55&dq=Pierre+Lorillard+millionaire&sig=ACfU3U2T0pRssJCHmoYu7FoSh3qoPCO6bA. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "The American Wind Band: A Cultural History By Richard K. Hansen, page 218". http://books.google.com/books?id=9ETZ4SYNo_AC&pg=RA1-PA218&dq=Pierre+Lorillard+millionaire&lr=&sig=ACfU3U2xZfV6p7-tAcxkO_nl4sFagkOBeg#PRA1-PA218,M1. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "The Plungers and the Peacocks By Dana Lee Thomas, page 71". http://books.google.com/books?id=zAc-AAAAIAAJ&q=Pierre+Lorillard+millionaire&dq=Pierre+Lorillard+millionaire&lr=&pgis=1. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ a b "Their Gilded Cage: The Jekyll Island Club Members By Richard Jay Hutto, page 100". http://books.google.com/books?id=FNPoVchaehwC&pg=PA100&dq=Pierre+Lorillard+millionaire+Hone&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1m3wUOw4Juzfug_jauEQ6c5ozABA. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ Wein, p. 134 According to Cleveland Amory, it was within Pieere Lorillard's newspaper obituary that the word "millionaire" had first appeared in print.
- ^ Wecter, p. 76 Peter Lorillard, the snuff and cigar-maker, died in 1843 and the newspapers coined the word "millionaire" to denote such affluence.
Bibliography
- Baltzell, Edward Digby, Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class, Transaction Publishers 1989, ISBN 0-8873878-9-6
- Hall, Henry et al., The Tribune Book of Open-air Sports, The Tribune Association 1887, Original from the New York Public Library
- Larrabee, Eric et al., Mass Leisure, Free Press 1958
- Myers, Gustavus, History of the Great American Fortunes, C.H. Kerr & Company 1909.
- Wecter, Dixon, The Saga of American Society: A Record of Social Aspiration, 1607-1937, C. Scribner's Sons 1937, Original from the University of Michigan
- Wein, George et al.,Myself Among Others: A Life in Music, Da Capo Press 2004, ISBN 0-3068135-2-1
- Whitney, Caspar et al., Outing; Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction, W. B. Holland 1902, Original from the University of Michigan
External links
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