Pilibhit

Pilibhit पीलीभीत پیلی بھیت
A Pleasant After Noon At Pilibhit Forest
Pilibhit Pilibhit - The Mini Punjab
Coordinates	28°38′59″N 79°52′21″E / 28.6497°N 79.8724°E / 28.6497; 79.8724
Country	India
Region	Rohilkhand
State	Uttar Pradesh
Division	Bareilly
District(s)	Pilibhit
Settled	Late 15th century AD
Mayor	Mr. Prabhat Jaiswal
MP	Shri Varun Gandhi
MLA	Mr. Riyaz Ahemad
Civic agency	Pilibhit Nagar Palika Parisad
Ward	52 wards
Population • Density	162,625 (2001[update]) • 2,365.11 /km2 (6,126 /sq mi)
Sex ratio	877 ♂/♀
Literacy • Male • Female	49.81% • 62.49% • 35.11%
Official languages	Hindi, Urdu, English, Punjabi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation • Coastline	68.76 km2 (27 sq mi) • 172 m (564 ft) • 0 km (0 mi)
Climate • Precipitation Temperature • Summer • Winter	HS-TH (Köppen) •      780 mm (30.7 in) •      25.5 °C (78 °F) •      36.8 °C (98 °F) •      14.5 °C (58 °F)
Distance(s) • From Delhi • 274 km (170 mi) NW (land) • From Lucknow • 270 km (168 mi) SE (land)
Codes • Pincode • 262001 • Telephone • +05882 • UN/LOCODE • IN-PBT • Vehicle • UP-26
ISO 3166-2	IN-UP-PB
Footnotes The word 'Pilibhit' means "A Wall of Yellow Mud"
Website	www.pilibhit.nic.in

Pilibhit {Hindi: पीलीभीत, Urdu: پیلی بھیت, Historically:Hafizabad) is a city and a municipal board in the Pilibhit district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Pilibhit is the north-eastern most district of Bareilly division, situated in the Rohilkhand region of the sub Himalayan Plateau belt on the boundary of Nepal, known for the origin of river Gomati and one of the most forest rich area in North India. According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20, page 144, issued by Government of India, Pilibhit was once known as Hafizabad, derived from the name of the great Rohella leader of the area Hafiz Rahmat Khan, but eventually it took its present name from a nearby village.^[1]

According to a report issued by Government of India, Pilibhit is one of the "Minority Concentrated Areas in India" on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.^[2]. Though separated only by a short distance from the outer ranges of the Himalayas, Pilibhit consists entirely of a level plain, containing depressions but no hills and intersected by several streams.^[3] Pilibhit is one of the forest rich areas of Uttar Pradesh, which has very high tourism potential. Almost 54 km long Indo-Nepal international border makes Pilibhit as highly sensitive for security purposes.^[4] According an estimation done by the Government of India, Pilibhit has 45.23% of its population living under the poverty line^[5] Inceasing population and unemployment is a cause of worry in the area, and many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and government-run organizations have initiated projects to provide employment, but human resources are yet to be exploited fully.

Pilibhit has been geographic and political cynosure as it is the only forest area amid the 22 districts and the only area with international border which lies in Harit Pradesh, which is proposed to be carved out of Uttar Pradesh.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 Climate 4 Etymology 5 History 5.1 Historical facts 5.2 Riots and clashes 5.3 Human life loss due to natural calamities 5.4 Seismic history 6 Transportation 7 Distance from Pilibhit 8 Places of interest 9 Wildlife 9.1 Pilibhit Tiger Reserve 9.2 The Fishery Reservoir 9.3 Other forest area in Pilibhit 10 Sports 11 Education 12 Economy 12.1 Industry and agriculture 12.2 Sugar mills 12.3 Other establishment 13 Politics 13.1 Lok Sabha Constituency 13.2 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies 14 Culture 14.1 Architecture 14.2 Art and craft 14.3 Dance and music 14.4 Festivals 14.5 Entertainment 15 Poetry and literature 16 Communication and radio stations 17 Civic Administration 18 Gallery 19 See also 20 Further reading 21 References 22 External links

Geography

‎ Pilibhit lies between the parallels of 28⁰64' and 29⁰53' north latitude and the meridians of 79⁰57' and 81⁰37' east longitude covering an area of 68.76 km². The north side of Pilibhit is bordered by Udham Singh Nagar of Uttarakhand state and by the territory of Nepal. Shahjahanpur lies on the south side Pilibhit. The east of Pilibhit is flanked for a short distance by Lakhimpur Kheri and the remaining distance is swathed by the Shahjahanpur. The western limit touches the limits of Bareilly.

According to the Central Statistical Organisation, the district Pilibhit had an area of 3504 km² on Sept 1, 2007, occupying 46^th position in the state and the total area of the pilibhit city is 68.76 km². Pilibhit city has much higher population density than the rest of district. The population density of the city is 2365.11 /km², while the district has only 469.51 /km².

In its general appearance, the area presents diverse features and topographically may be divided into several distinct tracts. In the north and north-west, the tract is a continuation of the Terai. The southern portion of the Bisalpur tehsil is similar in most respect to the adjacent tract of Bareilly and Shahjahanpur. The eastern and smaller section approximates rather to undeveloped forest areas of Lakhimpur Kheri, though with the spread of cultivation the dissimilarity between Puranpur and the rest of the Area is gradually becoming less marked. There are 1227 villages within Pilibhit's limits, of which 964 are electrified.

‎ The area has more than ten small to medium sized rivers and nine small to medium sized water bodies. The origin of river Gomti, Gumti or Gomati (Hindi: गोमती), which is a tributary of the Ganges River, is from a small lake, Gomat Taal, situated in Madhotnada in the Puranpur tehsil region.^[6] Another important river in the region is River Sharda (Hindi: शारदा नदी), which runs through on the eastern part of the district. Pilibhit city receives water from the river Devhahuti Ganga or Devha (Hindi: देवहुति गंगा or देवहा) on the north-west side of the city and the River Ghaghara or Khakra (Hindi: घाघरा or खाकरा) on the north-east side of the city. Pilibhit city also have a few water bodies in its limits, one being on Tanakpur road in front of Dramond college gate, another being at the Degree College chauraha. Every year during winter, this water body attracts thousands of migratory birds. The main source of water in the district is the ground water and the canals. District Pilibhit is swathed by a big net of canals. The district has six main feeders or canals, which run through almost 138 km in the district.

‎ The major part of Pilibhit District is covered by dense forest. Total 784.572 km² is forest.^[7] Till 1978, 63% area of the district was a dense forest, but deforestation has reduced the total forest cover to 22.39% in 2004.^[8] The Sharda canal is the main canal of the district, the others being its branches. The total length of canals in the district is 138 km. Apart from the canal system, the district also has a few water bodies, which are being using for agriculture purposes.

The National Highway No. 74 runs through the district connecting Haridwar to Bareilly via Kiccha, Kashipur and Nagina city. Apart from National Highway, The district is well connected with Shahjahanpur in south, Lakhimpur Kheri and Indian International Border (IIB) with the Nepal in east, Nanital and town Khatima in north, and the city of Bareilly in the west by roadways and Rail ways. The district Pilibhit also has several places of religious importance in or around the district. A main gurudwara of the Sikh community is located in Nanakmatta town around 46 km from the city.^[9][10]

One of the biggest and the most important temples of the region, Sri Purnagiri Temple, is in the nearby Champawat district of Uttaranchal. Thousands of lakhs of people from around Uttar Pradesh come to this temple, and Pilibhit is one of the halting points for the pilgrims.^[11].

Demographics

Population Growth of District Pilibhit[12][13][14]
Census	Pop.		%±
1871	492,098		—
1881	451,601		-8.2%
1891	485,108		7.4%
1901	470,369		-3.0%
1911	487,632		3.7%
1921	431,604		-11.5%
1931	448,824		4.0%
1941	490,699		9.3%
1951	504,391		2.8%
1961	616,301		22.2%
1971	752,151		22.0%
1981	1,008,332		34.1%
1991	1,283,103		27.3%
2001	1,645,183		28.2%
Est. 2011	2,064,869	[15]	25.5%
Population in years 1871, 1881, 1891 are taken from Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 138.

As of 2001 India census,^[16] District Pilibhit had a population of 16,45,183^[17] occupying 46^th position in the Districts of Uttar Pradesh on other hand the Pilibhit City has only 1,62,625 population. Males constitute 53.26% of the population and females 46.73%. Pilibhit has an average literacy rate of 49.81%, lower than the national average of 59.5%, male literacy is 62.49%, and female literacy is 35.11%. In Pilibhit, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Population of district Pilibhit for 2011 has been estimated as many as 20,64,869 by a study done in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Prior to the abolition of zamindari the zamindars owned large tracts of arable and forest land. The farm labour was brought from eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. After [zamindari was abolished the excess cultivable land was distributed amongst the landless agricultural labour. In the post independence period large number of displaced persons from Pakistan were settled in the area. They were provided cultivable land mainly by clearing private forests. Large tracts were cleared and wetlands were drained and brought under the plough. The inhabitants of the landscape generally belong to the following major groups – those from eastern Uttar Pradesh, those from Pakistan including Punjabis and Bengalis, migrants from Punjab and the locals. The common property lands and resources are worst affected in Puranpur tehsil. The population density of the tehsil has increased considerably over the last two decades. The population groups constantly endeavour to maintain their interests and identity. The immigrant labour and the Bengalis are the weakest economically but have a growing political clout. The Punjabi] displaced persons and migrants are financially the strongest and wield considerable political clout.^[18]. The locals are always anxious to safeguard their interests against the immigrants. The locals are strongest in the process of decision making.

‎

Amongst the locals one of the historically important community is the Tharu tribe.^[20] According to a British officer, historian Lieutenant-Colonel^[21] James Tod (1782-1835), A large number of fighters from Maharana Pratap's army left Rajasthan after his son Amar Singh's surrender to Mughal Army and went towards the dense forest in the Himalayan belt insearch of a safe location. These tribe could survive and now settled as cultivators in the area, keep large herd of cattle, some sheep and goats. They have a distinct cultural identity. There are some Tharu villages in the proximity of Katarniaghat wildlife sanctuary. They are related to the Tharus in the terai areas in territory of Nepal. The Tharus depend on the forests for food, fodder, medicine, small timber for construction of huts and agricultural implements, handicrafts, social and religious ceremonies. The major Tharu groups include the Ranas, Dingoras and Katharias. Marriages between these groups are very uncommon. Once their habitations were forest villages but now these are revenue villages. These tribes are not economical and politically vibrant, but Government of India has initiated a lot of schemes to bring them back to the main stream. The tribal area development schemes have benefited these people. They have adopted modern farming techniques and have slowly shifted from subsistence level farming to raising cash crops. Some now own tractor and other farm implements. The eco development initiatives have largely focused on these Tharu villages. Even Tharu youths are now showing their talent in the field of sports, education and art.

Studies reveal that poverty level in the district is associated with the social identity, source of livelihood, landlessness and level of education of the head of household. Education is a crucial instrument for raising income levels of people and moving out of the vicious circle of poverty. A study done by Delhi based NGO, Nav Bharat Nirman, indicates a strong correlation between educational attainment and poverty levels among various social classes in the district. The incidence of poverty is much higher among SC and ST households in Pilibhit. Nearly 60 per cent of SC households were below poverty line in Pilibhit in 1999-00. However, this proportion came down to 45.23 per cent in 2007-08.^[22] The pace of decline of poverty was faster for the SC/ST households as compared to other households during this period. Poverty level among Hindus and Muslims is roughly of the same order in the rural areas-around 31 percent in 1999-00. But poverty levels are much higher for the latter in the urban areas - 42.2 per cent as compared to only 26.4 per cent for Hindus. With population 7,44,120 under poverty line, Pilibhit comes under top 20 backward district of India in term of education, socio-economic conditions, opportunity to earn livelihood and basic amenities. Lots of non profit organization has come forward to help the population living under poverty line.

List of NGOs Running In Pilibhit

No.	Names of NGO
1.	Kawarnthi Sewa Dal (KSD)
2.	Bal Vikas Samiti (BVS)
3.	Mahila Kalyan Samiti (MKS)
4.	Medical Sisters Of St. Joseph (MSJ)
5.	Ram Krishna Sewa Samiti (RKSS)
6.	Samaj Kalyan Evam Vikas Adhyayan Kendra (SKEVAK)[23]
7.	The Methodist Church In India (MCI)
8.	Uttar Pradesh Drought Relief Committee (UPDRC)
9.	Viklang Kalyan & Punrvaas Samiti (VKPS)
10.	Vivek Educational foundation of Canada[24]

Climate

Pilibhit experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March end to June, with maximum temperatures ranging from 36 °C (97 °F) to 42 °C (108 °F). Contrary to most of the Himalayan Plateau where June is the warmest month, the warmest months in Pilibhit is May. The city starts receiving heavy thundershowers with sharp downpours in Mid June. Though the temperatures plunge in this month, the summer heat accompanied by high humidity can be occasionally quite oppressive.

Monsoon winds blowing from the south India are a welcome relief in mid of June, bringing with them heavy showers in July, August. Pilibhit receives excessive rainfall in the month of August & September. The city receives an annual rainfall of 723 mm, mainly between June and September as the result of southwest monsoon. August is the wettest month of the year. The spells of continuous rainfall may stretch to many days or even a few weeks. Pilibhit has, on record, received rainfall for 17 consecutive days (days when rainfall is greater than 21.7 mm) in 1967.

As the monsoon winds recede, the day temperatures starts decline in October with cooler nights signalling the onset of winter. Pilibhit experiences winter from November to February. it experience pleasant windy days, clear skies and cool nights in the month of November till February ends, Which makes it the most enjoyable time of the year. The day temperature hovers around 14 °C (57 °F) while night temperature is below 7 °C (45 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 3 °C (37 °F) or 4 °C (39 °F). On particularly cold days, wind may appear to be very chilly due to the dryness of air. Rain is very expected in month of February.^[25]

Reported Climatic Variations:^[26]

• The highest temperature recorded in Pilibhit was 48.5 °C (119 °F) on 29 May 1989.
• The lowest temperature recorded in Pilibhit was −0.2 °C (32 °F) on 17 January 1949.
• Pilibhit has received snow fall once in Jan 1949, which was the coolest year in the Himalayan Plateau region. The temperature reached below zero this year in the region.

Weather data for Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, India
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °C	14	19	21	36	40	42	40	36	34	29	20	11
Average low °C	4	10	13	23	31	34	32	27	24	20	13	6
Rainfall mm	7.6	22.9	30.5	45.7	81.3	121.9	132.1	139.7	109.2	30.5	22.9	12.7
Average high °F	57	66	70	97	104	108	104	97	93	84	68	52
Average low °F	39	50	55	73	88	93	90	81	75	68	55	43
Rainfall inches	0.3	0.9	1.2	1.8	3.2	4.8	5.2	5.5	4.3	1.2	0.9	0.5
Source: www.wunderground.com[27] 2009-02-04

Etymology

The city Pilibhit derived its name from a near by small village name 'Old Pilibhit', whose existence has been traced in mid of 15th Century, this village still exist on the bank of the River Ghaghra or Khakra in the north-east from the city on the way to Nyoria Husainpur town. It is believed and as official documents say, this village was occupied by the Bhanjara (Local community) of Periya clan, which used to live in the houses, made of mud and other raw material, available in the forest. This community made a wall or mound of yellow mud around their locality in order to secure their house from wild animal, as that area was a dense forest, so the people used to call the locality as Pili (Yellow) and Bhit (Wall or mound). According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20, page 144, issued by Government of India, Pilibhit was once known as Hafizabad on the name of the great Rohella leader of the Area Hafiz Rahmat Khan, but Eventually, it imbibed, its name from a nearby village.^[28] According to a document from British Library 'the city Pilibhit' has its existence when in the late 18th century (1770-1780 AC) Marathas invaded the Rohilkhand region. With this invasion, Kurmi community came to this region and in the due course of time, the city Pilibhit enlarged it boundaries.^[29] Another evidence of the city existence is found in an Nepali literature, which mentions a city named as Pilibhit, which provided shelter to the last king of Shah dynasty, Deepa Shah, who was attacked by the Gorakha King in 1789 AD.^[30] The Rohella ruler Hafiz Rahmat Khan, a Pashtun ancestor of Afghans in the area, developed Pilibhit as a city and administrative unit.

History

At the end of tenth century, a line of princes of Chhinda dynasty ruled the area of Pilibhit, nothing else is know but their name and the fact that they made a canal out of River Sarada as recorded in an archaic inscript written in Sanskrit found near Dewal village.^[31]. Local history commence with the uprising of Rohela power in the area in the eighteenth century, when Pilibhit fell in the hands of Rohella warrior Hafiz Rahmat Khan, after the death of Ali Mohammed Khan. Hafiz Rahmat Khan was killed in 1774 in a battle near Miranpur Katra with the Nawab of Oudh, who was aided by British force lent by Warren Hastings and was added to Oudh.^[32]. According to records available on papers, In 1801 when Rohilkhand was ceded to the British in lieu of payment of tribute, Pilibhit was a pargana of the district of Bareilly, which lost it in 1833, the arrangement being temporary and the tract being again united with Bareilly in 1841. In 1871 was formed the Pilibhit subdivision comprising Jahanabad, Pilibhit and Puranpur which was eventually converted into a separate district in 1879.^[33]

At the introduction of the British rule the parganas of Pilibhit, Jahanabad & Bisalpur was formed into separate tehsils. Puranpur was united for this purpose with Khutar. A redistribution of the area was effected in 1824, when the Bisalpur tehsil contained the parganas of Bisalpur and Maurari, which afterward become a single area; Jahanabad was joined with Richha to form tehsil Pareva & Pilibhit with Baheri, the HQ being at Pilibhit. In 1851 Baheri and the other tarai pargana were taken under direct management and in 1863 Richha was attached to the new Baheri tehsil, pargana Jahanabad being assigned to Pilibhit which also received Puranpur on its transfer in 1865. The latter, in 1871, a became subtehsil dependent on Pilibhit. The promotion of Puranpur into a full tehsil occurred in 1879, while Bisalpur throughout remained a separate subdivision. Thus the area is now divided into three tehsils and four parganas. Puranpur & Bisalpur constituting individual tehsils and parganas & the tehsil of Pilibhit comprising the paraganas of Pilibhit and Jahanabad.^[34]

1857 Sepoy Mutiny at Pilibhit

During the great 1857 Indian Sepoy Mutiny, news of the raising of troops, under the guidenace of Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla at Bareilly reached on June 1, 1857 and tumults at once brook out in the city among the population, the Joint Magistrate was forced to run away to Nainital while the surrounding villages remined a prey to the rapacity and extortion of the rival Zamindars, The Mutineers of city nominally admitted the authority of Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla, Nawab of Bareilly, and the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan. British order was restored on May 13, 1858 by the British force lent by Commander Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde of 9th Regiment of Foot of British army with the help of Caption William George Drummond Stewart of 93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders of British army, after winning Bareilly battle. Some of the Mutineers was captured and sentenced to death.^[35]

Pilibhit at a glance in 1901

According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20, page 143, published by Government of India], below is the demogarphy of Pilibhit as of 1901.^[36]

Area	Population	Density	Total literacy	Male literacy	Female literacy	No of School	No of Pupil
1227 km2	470,369	383 per km2	2.3%	4.4%	0.2%	77	3066

Historical facts

It is believed by locals that Pilibhit was ruled by an ancient king named Mayurdhwaj or Moredhwaj or King Venu, who was a great devotee of lord Krishna and a loyal friend of Arjun, whose name and geography of his kingdom, can be traced in Hindu epic Mahabharat.^[37]

According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20, page. 138, published by Government of India, Pilibhit was ruled by Chhinda dynasty in 10th century, an inscription, written in Sanskrit, has been found in the dewal village of Puranpur area which shows that the princes of Chhinda dynasty made a canal out of River Sarada in 10th century.^[38]

According to a British officer, historian Lieutenant-Colonel^[39] James Tod (1782-1835), Maharana Pratap's son, Amar Singh, fought 17 wars with the Mughal emperor Akbar but in 1595, after Maharana Pratap's death, he conditionally accepted them as rulers. At this time, a large chunk of Maharana Pratap's band of loyal Rajputs became disillusioned by the surrender and left Rajasthan. This group included Rathores, Deora Chauhans, Pariharas, Tomaras, Kashwahas, Ranas, Tharus and Jhalas. Collectively, They are called "Tharu" at present and settled mostly in sub Himalayan belt on the boundary of Nepal in and around of dense forest of present district Pilibhit in Uttar Pradesh. A large number a Tharus tribe are still living in the remote forest area in the district and trying to conserve the tradition and culture they brought from Rajasthan.

The city Pilibhit was an administrative unit in the Mughal era under Bareilly suba, so for the security purpose, The Mughal subedar Ali Mohammed Khan constructed four magnificent gate around the administrative building in 1734 AC. These gate were named as "Barellwi darwaza" in west, "Hussaini darwaza" in east, "Jahanabadi darwaza" in north and "Dakhini darwaza" in south, but due to lack of proper maintenance, all gate have been lost, only ruins are remaining now.^[40]

Pilibhit was invaded by the Marathas in 1772 AC. This was the time when the Kurmi Community came in this region. The Marathas were the ancestor of Kurmi community, which is one of the major community in the region.^[41] The last king of Shah dynasty of Nepal got shalter in Pilibhit by ruler of Rampur suba Faizullah Khan in 1789 AC, when he was attacked by Gorakha king of Nepal.^[42] The freedom fighter Maulana Enayetulla was from Pilibhit. Who voluntarily played host in exile of Queen of Avadh, Begum Hazrat Mahal to reach Nepal in late 1859.^[43][44] There is one memorial place at Khakra chouki (Police Center, at present), where 21 freedom fighter were hanged on 14 January 1909, Thursday, on the day of Makar Sankranti, Who denied to follow British government's order and rebelled against them. In the respect of these 21 Martyrs, a rock (named all martyrs) had been underpinned in the compound of police center.

Mahatama Gandhi addressed a huge rally on 12 November 1929 in the field of Gauri Shankar temple along with Kasturba and Mirabehn and planted a tree in the temple campus which is still there in the temple.^[45] Due to dense minority population, Pilibhit district is a "communally sensitive area". Pilibhit also has seen many man created calamities. some of major in last 150 years are as -

Riots and clashes

Year	communal Riots/Clashes	Reason	Casualties-Officially
1871	Hindu-Muslim communal clash	Moharram and Ram navami festivals on same day[46][47]	No Records
1897	Hindu-Muslim communal riots	Hindu protest against cow slaughter on Baqrid[48]	No Records
1926	Hindu-Muslim communal riots	Cow slaughter by Muslims on Baqrid[49]	38
1931	Hindu-Muslim communal clash	Trouble at the Ram navami festival procession[50]	12
1942	Hindu-Muslims communal cum political riots	Hindu groups accused Muslims to want to turn UP as Muslim state[51]	17
1946	Hindu-Muslims political riots	RSS-Muslim League clash turned communal riots[52]	23
1950	Communal riots provoked by Hindu group	Hindu group RSS tried to frustrate Muslims in area to leave India [53]	88
1962	Muslim attack on Hindus tuned into riots	Muslim protested Ram navami procession in Muslim areas[54]	5
1980	Hindu-Muslim communal clash	Hindu boy was attacked by Muslim boys in Moradabad[55][56]	11
1984	Hindu-Sikh political riots	Sikh massacre after Indira Gandhi's assassination[57]	22
1986	Hindu-Muslim communal cum political riots	Hindu-Muslim riots after elections[58]	19
1992	Hindu-Muslim communal riots	Ayodhya aftermath[59]	37

Human life loss due to natural calamities

• A great famine in 1877-78, followed by fever epidemic in 1879 caused almost 41000 of deaths in the area of Pilibhit, Puranpur, Bisalpur.^[60]
• Almost 70,000 people died in 1917-18 due to fever in the district. In the 1920s, Pilibhit has lost a large number of human life due to Plague, Cholera, Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Gastroenteritis, due to which population growth during 1911-21 was negative.^[61]
• Pilibhit comes under the "High Risk Flood Zone". Almost every year some part of district gets effected by massive flood.^[62] but the city has seen disastrous flood thrice in last fifty years, in July 1971,^[63] Sept 1989 and Sept 2008.^[64][65]
• More than Rupees 15 millions worth of damage and more than 43 human casualties had been reported by the government sources during flood in September 2008 in the district Pilibhit. Puranpur tehshil was the worst hit due to flood.
• Pilibhit comes under seismic zone-4^[66], which is High Risk Seismic Zone. Pilibhit has been trembled a few times in past two centuries. Some of the strong earthquakes experienced in Pilibhit are as below:-

Seismic history

The city Pilibhit has experienced earthquakes several times in the last two centuries, some of the records which available are as below.^[67]

Date	Epicenter	Strength on Richter scale
1 September 1803	Northern Garhwal region	7.1
10 October 1956	Bulandshahr district	6.2
24 December 1961	Northern Garhwal region	6.0
15 September 1966	South of Moradabad district	6.2
29 July 1980	Western Nepal region	6.8
29 March 1999	Northern Garhwal region	6.5
18 October 2007	District Gautam Buddha Nagar region	3.6

Transportation

By train:

Pilibhit Junction Railway Station is on the Bareilly-Lakhimpur railway line. The station is under the administrative control of the North Eastern Railways. Computerized reservation facility is provided. Going south-west, Bhojipura Junction Railway Station is the main station next to Pilibhit. The nearest main station to the west is Puranpur Railway Station.^[68]

Main Three express trains comes here from Lucknow named as Lucknow-Agra express(5313), Nainital Express(5308) and Rohilkhand Express(5310) respectively. Two express trains from Agra comes named as Agra-Gonda express(GOKUL-5316) and Agra-Lucknow (5314) Express. From Delhi one has to reach first nearby district Bareilly by bus or train then may reach Pilibhit by a bus or meter gauge train.^[69]

Pilibhit expected to be connected by meter gauge to Lucknow through Bareilly-Lakhimpur railway line by the end of 2012.^[70]

• Station Code: PBE
• Enquiry about arrival and departure of trains: +91-5882-255804

By bus:
National Highway 74 passes through Pilibhit. Regular buses connect Pilibhit to Bareilly at the frequency of every ½ hr. Direct buses are also available from Delhi, Lucknow, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Kanpur, Rupaidhiya, Agra and Tanakpur etc.

• Enquiry about arrival and departure of Buses: +91-5882-255670

By air:
Nearby airports (within 200 miles):-

Nearest Airport	Symbol	Distance (In miles)
New Delhi	DEL	142.453
Lucknow	LKO	136.967
Agra	AGR	138.348
Gwalior	GWL	187.85

Main roads in city

No.	Names of Road
1.	Station Road
2.	Jai Prakash Road
3.	Nai Basti Road or Degree College Road
4.	Chudi wali Gali
5.	Thandi Road or Katchari Road
6.	Mill Road
7.	Khakra Road
8.	Assam Road
9.	Gandhi Stadium Road
10.	Jaisantri Road

Distance from Pilibhit

All distance given are air distance and all directions are from Pilibhit, road distance are different from air distance.^[71]

City	State	Distance (km)	Distance (miles)	Direction
New Delhi	Delhi	274	171	NW
Mumbai	Maharashtra	1317	818	SW
Kolkata	West Bengal	1125	700	SE
Chennai	Tamilnadu	1735	1078	S
Bangalore	Karnataka	1748	1086	S
Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh	1254	780	S
Chandigarh	Punjab & Haryana	372	232	NW
Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	270	167	SE
Bhubaneswar	Orissa	1112	691	SE
Patna	Bihar	684	425	SE
Dehradun	Uttaranchal	212	132	NW
Shimla	Himachal Pradesh	329	205	NW
Gandhinagar	Gujarat	978	608	W
Jammu	Jammu & Kashmir	657	408	N
Jaipur	Rajasthan	438	273	W
Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh	623	388	SW
Ranchi	Jharkhand	895	557	SW
Raipur	Chhattisgarh	861	535	SW
Panaji	Goa	1585	985	W
Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	2184	1335	S
Itanagar	Arunachal Pradesh	1383	860	E
Dispur	Assam	1417	881	E
Gangtok	Sikkim	893	556	E
Kohima	Nagaland	1522	946	E
Agartala	Tripura	1328	825	E
Imphal	Manipur	1535	954	E
Shillong	Meghalaya	1312	816	E

Places of interest

Old Pilibhit (Hindi: पुराना पीलीभीत)

The present town is of comparatively recent origin but there is still a village known as 'Old Pilibhit' standing on the left bank of the Khakra river about 5 km to the northeast near the road to Nyoria Husainpur. This village had always been occupied by the Banjara tribe of the Periya clan. It is supposed that Pilibhit is the corruption of Periya Bhit or the village mound of the Periyas and also that the name Pilibhit has been derived from a yellow mud wall which once surrounded the district

Jama Masjid (Hindi: जामा मस्जिद)

Many big buildings were constructed in the Mughal period. In this period a replica of Jama Masjid, Delhi was built in Pilibhit by Hafiz Rahmat Khan in 1769. Area is the only difference, one can figure out between two mosques. Previously there was a pond at this place. Three lakh or 300,000 rupees were spent for the construction of this Masjid at that time. A sun watch is still there in the Jama Masjid. Hafiz Rahmat Khan was the Afghan Rohilla leader whose jagirs or estates included Pilibhit and Bareilly, where he is buried. He became the leader of the Rohilla Afghans in western Avadh, but was killed in a battle against the Nawab of Avadh, assisted by the English, in 1774. The gateway is built in Mughal style, paying homage to the gateways of the Jama Masjid in Delhi, while the wall around the mosque enclosure shows the curvilinear Bengali roof found in Shahjahan's additions to the Mughal palace at Agra. Every Friday, large Muslim population of the city and nearby villages comes to the Masjid and performs the prayer in zamat. Due to dense population around this monument and lack of proper maintenance, the part of the building has been destroyed and part of land has been constructed. A small market is also being organized on every Tuesday in the Jama Masjid compound, which is creating a great damage to the 250 year old historical building. A new Tehsil Compound also has come up near to the great Jama Masjid Compound.

Dargah-e-Shahji Miyan (Hindi: शाहजी मियां की दरगाह)

In the northern side of the city of Pilibhit a dargha of qutebe Pilibhit Hazrat Kibla Haji Shah Ji Mohammad Sher Mian Sahib Rahmat Ullah Aleh is situated which is very famous and people travel from other states as well as countries to take the blessing of Hazrat Shah Ji Mian. It is also said that by offering a CHADAR at the dargah is fruitful to the people. The dargar has become place of social harmony as people of various religion come here to offer their faith.^[73]

Gauri Shankar Temple (Hindi: गौरी शंकर मन्दिर)

This temple is 450 years old. This is situated in Khahra locality at banks of the rivers Devha & Khahra. It is said that the forefathers of present Pandit Har Prasad came to this place with other saints. There was a jungle at that time. He dreamt in the night that God Shiva is here, in the morning he saw the Idol of God Shiva. Gradually a temple was built. Every year a fair is organized here on the occasions of Shivratri, Raksha Bandhan and on every Monday of Shraavana month. A dharamshala is situated at the outer side of the temple, which was donated by Dwarika Das Banjara. There are two big entry gates at the eastern and southern side of the temple. These gates were built by Hafiz Rahmat Khan in late 18th century.

Raja Venu Ka Tila (Hindi: राजा वेणु का टीला)

In the Puranpur tehsil of district Pilibhit, one KM away from the railway station, there is one high place (Tila) is situated in Shahgarh area, It is said that there was a palace of Raja Venu at this place. Ruins are still there. A very big well and ruins tell the story of a Kingdom.

Jaisantri Devi Temple (Hindi: जयसंतरी देवी मन्दिर)

It is one of the sacred place of the district, placed near awas vikas colony locality of the city, which almost 5 km away from the railway station. Although the temple premises are not in good condition, but still it's a place of faith of Thousands and lakhs Hindus of surrounding areas. The temple becomes very crowded in the Navratris, during this days a fair is organized, which attracts not only the people of the district but from the nearby district as well. It is believed that the temple was constructed some time in 1858, after the great Indian sepoy mutiny, in the memory of some sepoys, who died while fighting with the British in the field near the temple itself. The temple compound also has a Peepal Tree which is believed to be more than 200 years old and witnessed the sepoy mutiny in 1857. Beside this great historical and religious importance, the devastating flood in the Sept of 2008 has damaged the temple building and other small temples in the compound. even though some maintenance has been done by the temple management committee, but a large scale restoration is required to save this 150 year old temple.

Ardhanarishwer Temple (Hindi: अर्धनारीश्वर मन्दिर)

One of the newly constructed, well decorated temple, which is the center point of all Shiva devotees of the city, situated on station road, near Vishal Cinema. This temple become extremely crowded during Shraavana Month and on the day the Mahashivratri. The another attraction of this temple is the Kali Puja, organized on the Diwali night in an auspious Mahurat. Thousands of devotees take part together in the puja.

Chuka Beach (Hindi: चूका घाट)

Chuka beach is situated between the main sharda canal and sharda sagar dam under the 'Mahof Forest Range'. This is one of evergreen forest areas protected by the government of India, and is one of five forest reserves in the district, namely Mala, Haripur, Barahi, Mahof and Deoriya. Dist administration has developed this place as a picnic spot in order to increase the tourism in the area.

Drumand Government Inter College (Hindi: ड्रमंड राजकीय इंटर कॉलेज परिसर)

This was established in 1915 by Mr. Drumand. Now this is a government college for boys from standard VI to XII. Apart from the fact that it's a government inter college, this School premises, has one of the oldest buildings with the great architecture in the whole region and the trust which is taking care of the building, is one of the richest trusts in that area.

Raja ji Temple (Hindi: राजा जी का मन्दिर)

Raja lalta Prasad and Sahau Har prasad, belonging to the raja family of Pilibhit worked together and attained lot of fame and prosperity. Their contribution in making the town of Pilibhit well known in the region was immense. Pilibhit is situated in the sub montane region of Himalayan Mountains, in the Rohilkhand division of Uttar Pradesh (previously known as the United Province of Agra and Oudh). Raja Lalta Prasad (1872-1924) along with his brother Sahu Har Prasad (1875-1953) apart from setting up businesses, such as The lalit hari sugar mills took interest in the development of the region and established The Lalit Hari Sanskrit and Ayurvedic college, The Radha Ramanji temple, dharamshalas at religious centres in the shahukara locality of the city.

Chhathavi Padshahi Gurudwara (Hindi: छठवी पादशाही गुरुद्वारा)

There is one 400 year old famous gurudwara in the pakriya locality of the city. It is said that Guru Govind Singhji took rest here on the way to Nanakmatta. He established a [gurudwara here on the name of the 6th guru Sri Har Govind ji and named it "Chattvi Padshahi Gurudwara". In 1983, one of the famous social servants in area Sri Baba Faoj Singh reconstructed this beautiful shrine.

Gomat Taal (Hindi: गोमत ताल)

The Gomti river is one of the most sacred rivers of north India. It originates from a reservoir called Gomat taal, which is about 7 km east of Pilibhit and flows into the River Ganges. It passes through Lucknow the capital of Uttar Pradesh and the latter part of its course through Barabanki, Sultanpur, Faizabad and Jaunpur districts. The length of the river is 800 km. According to legends in the Pilibhit locality, the river is considered to be the daughter of Sage Vashistha. During solar eclipse, devotees believe that taking a bath in the Gomat taal is equivalent to the bath taken in the river in Kurukshetra.

Devha-Ghaghra Sangum (Hindi: देवहा-घाघरा संगम)

The river Devha joins the River Ghaghra at a place named Bharmchari Ghat (Hindi: बहर्मचारी घाट), near to Aurvedic College in the Khakra locality of the city. Though there are no proper roads to reach that place, but some bull carts are always available for transportation, one has to cross both of the rivers before reaching the main ghat. Every year on the occasion of Karthik Purnima (Ganga snan), Solar eclipse, Lunar eclipse a big fair is organized at sangum, devotees come to sangum and take bath organize prayers. People from various communities come to this Ghats, cook Dal-Bhat and distributes among devotees after offering to the rivers.

Wildlife

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

Pilibhit has been granted to have a tiger reserve area which constitutes potential tiger habitat of priority I and II. This new tiger reserve at Pilibhit covers an area of approximately 1087 km² in Lagga Bhagga Forest Range of district. It runs through Pilibhit, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and Khutar range of Shahjahanpur, the existing one has Dudhwa, Katarniaghat and Kakraha range of Bahraich division.^[74] Pilibhit, Khutar] and Kakraha are the reserved forest areas which are being converted into protected areas for the reserves. This reserve is sectioned under the much talked program "Project Tiger".^[75].

In the February 2008 annual census of forest inhabitants says, this reserve area has a total 36 tigers: 11 male, 20 female, and five cubs. In the 2005 census, there ware only one cub, 12 male and 22 female in the district. Pilibhit reserve is expanded over 73,000 hectare area spread in several districts.^[76]

The massive deforestation in the only existing forest tract of Indo-Nepal border in Pilibhit-Lakhimpur Tarai belt has reduced the forest cover. The depleted swathes of forest land have increased the pressure on survival of wild animals within the protected area. The new tiger reserve was sanctioned in keeping with this problem.^[77] The outline for the reserve, as identified by the Critical Tiger Habitat Committee, has approved by Central government in September 2008. With Pilibhit Tiger Reserve area, now Uttar Pradesh has total two tiger reserve areas.^[78] The [government of India has opened four reserves with the name of Sunabeda Tiger Reserve in Orissa, Shahayadri Tiger reserve in Maharashtra, Pilibhit Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, and Ratapani Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh in the third quarter of 2008.^[79]

The Fishery Reservoir

Pilibhit also have one fishery reservoir, which is situated in the tehsil Bisalpur which is recognized as a reservoir by Fisheries Department of the state government as well as the central government. The State Fisheries Department classifies this water body used as a medium size fishery reservoir (500 to 1000 ha area). This reservoir is a natural water body and located on the southern periphery of Deoriya range also runs along the forests of this range. Every year during winters this water body attracts thousands of migratory birds. Besides birds, it is home to a large number of turtles. There are also numerous species of fish found in this water body. Apart from this Fisheries reservoir, Pilibhit also have a few small man made and natural water bodies which are being use by Fisheries Department. There are also large numbers of local communities, mainly refugees from east Bengal settled on periphery of this water body. These communities engage themselves in poaching of migratory birds every year disturbing the peace and tranquility.^[80]

Other forest area in Pilibhit

Apart from the reserve area and wild life places, Pilibhit also has a few forest areas around in the district. Mala range (east from city towards Puranpur), Haripur range(east from the Puranpur town towards Nepal border), Barahi range (A few km from city towards Kalinagar), Mahof Range (east from city near to Nyoria Husainpur)^[81] and Deoriya range (on district's southern-east border towards Shahjahanpur) are a few of them. Mala, Deoriya and Barahi are well connected with the city by road and railway. Mala range comes on the way to Lakhimpur Kheri from Pilibhit city, which is famous for leopards, swamp deer,^[82] Rhinoceros, Cheetal, hog deer, barking deer, sambar, Wild bear, ratel, and around 400 species of birds and 90 species of fishes. Some of them are really dense and unhabited areas. Although Mala and Deoriya has a few habitated colonies, but Mahof is completely unhabitated yet, A part of this forest range, including area from forest in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand is also known as Lagga-Bagga forest range, Which makes the Nepal border along with the river sharda and officially known as "No Men's Land". In Mala and Barahi forests, basically Bengali communities are habitating in small colonies, who came in the area from East Bengal after partition of India in 1947. After refugee habitation started in the area in 1947, deforestation had become a major concern. These forests have enormous depth for a good tourist destination.

Sports

Sri Lalit Hari Cricket Stadium

Pilibhit has one cricket stadium in the Shri Lalit Hari sugar mill compound, which is also or formerly known as Lalit Hari Stadium. This stadium was established in 1931 on Tarakpur road, at the railway station end. The home team for this stadium is Uttar Pradesh. It has Matting type of pitch. This stadium had hosted a few Ranji trophy cricket matches in the early 1980s.

Some of the famous match was played at the Lalit Hari Sugar Factory Ground, Pilibhit are :-

• A match played between Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan teams, a north zone match on 25, 26, 27 December 1983 (three-day match) under 1983/84 Ranji trophy cricket tournament. Uttar Pradesh won the toss and decided to bat, But Match got drawn.^[83]

• A match played between Uttar Pradesh and Vidarbha teams, a Central Zone match on 22, 23, 24 November 1981 (3-day match) under 1981/82 Ranji trophy cricket tournament. Vidarbha won the toss and decided to bat but Uttar Pradesh won the match by 8 wickets.^[84]

Gandhi Sports Stadium

This is one of the beautiful stadium in the Bareilly zone speared 85 acres (Local measurement) of area in the mid of the city, which has various facilities for Athletics, Football, Volleyball, Hockey and some indoor sports. Now, a Swing pool is also proposed to be constructed in the stadium. In the same compound one multipurpose Auditorium is available. This stadium is better known as sports heart of the city, as this is the only sport facility available for public uses.

Other facilities

Apart from these sports grounds, various educational institutions has their own facilities. Few are DGIC ground, St. Aloysius ground, Rama college ground, SVM college ground and some more. Although city hasn't produce any big sports' celebrity. But city teams have able to save a few state level competitions on various events.^[85]

Education

The city of Pilibhit have several secondary and higher secondary schools and colleges for boy's as well as girls. One of the main ayurvedic college of the Uttar Pradesh is also situated in the city, apart from these city also has one ITI college, one law college, one nursing college and one management school and a few college for since, commerce and Art. The educational instituations of the city are the main attraction for the students of nearby places as many new instituations has come up in the city for various higher education mainly affiliated with MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly. Even though city has many educational instituate, but Pilibhit has an average literacy rate of 49.81%, lower than the national average of 59.5%, male literacy is 62.49%, and female literacy is 35.11%. Supporting education system by offering private classes and tutions is one of the major livlihood earning in the pilibhit city. Pilibhit also a major educational center for Nepali students from the near by areas in the Nepal.

Main educational institutes in Pilibhit

No.	Names of Educational Institutes	Affiliation With
1.	Drumand Boys' Government Intermediate College	UP Board, Allahabad
2.	St. Aloysius Intermediate College	CBSE Board, New Delhi
3.	Chironji Lal Virendera Pal Saraswati Vidhya Mandir Boys' Intermediate College[86]	UP Board, Allahabad
5.	Springdale Intermediate College	CBSE Board, New Delhi
6.	Sanatan Dharam Banke Bhihari Shri Ram Boys' Intermediate College	UP Board, Allahabad
7.	Lions Bal Vidhya Mandir Intermediate College	CBSE Board, New Delhi
8.	Girls' Government Intermediate College	UP Board, Allahabad
9.	Anguri Devi Saraswati Vidhya Mandir Girls' Intermediate College	UP Board, Allahabad
10.	Siddique National Boys' Intermediate College	UP Board, Allahabad
11.	Ben-Her Intermediate College	CBSE Board, New Delhi
12.	Upadhi Mahavidhayalaya	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
13.	Ram Lubhai Sahani Girls' Degree College	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
14.	Pushp Institute of Sciences & Higher Studies[87]	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
15.	Hafiz Rahmat Khan Law College[88]	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
15.	Sanjay Gandhi School of Nursing	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
16.	Shri Lalit Hari Sanskrit Mahavidhiyalaya	Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi
17.	Springdale College of Management Studies[89]	Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Economy

Industry and agriculture

The district Pilibhit has an agriculture-based economy. It has a very furtile land, but it is a bit backward in the area of industry, and has no mineral extraction area. The industry in the district is mainly based on agriculture. Since main crop in this area is sugarcane, So there are four sugar factories at Majhola, Puranpur, Bisalpur and Pilibhit. Three factories are in co-operative sector and one at Pilibhit is in private sector. The Lalit Hari Sugar Factory is the largest among them. Now, in year 2005-06, The Bajaj Industry has come up with Bajaj Hindustan Sugar factory Ltd, in Barkhera area of the district. Apart from this, District has a few cottage industries too, Main cottage industries are Wooden or Bamboo flute manufacturing, engineering units, brick klins, candles and zari work. The flute made in Pilibhit has a big international demand. These flutes are exported to US, Europe, Japan, Canada, UAE and the African countries. Other major units are three solvent plants, four flour mills, one steel plant (a few km from the City) and one alcohol distillery in Majhola town. According to an article published in Hindustan Times, by a 1991 estimate, 95% of India’s flutes were manufectured in Pilibhit^[90] and were exported to the USA, Europe and other countries. The craftmen were used to source its bamboo from Barak Valley in Assam. Earlier, there was an unbroken narrow-gauge line running from Silchar, in Assam, via Bihar, and into Pilibhit. On this line, 60-strong bundles of bamboo, each stalk 10 ft long, use to make their way to Pilibhit, But around 15 years ago, sections of that line were removed. Now, the bamboo has to travel on narrow gauge from Silchar to Jiribum, then shift onto a broad-gauge line to travel to Bareilly, the nearest big town, and then reloaded onto narrow gauge to come into Pilibhit.^[91]

Sugar mills

Name of Sugar Factory	Capacity	Installation year	No. of cane Growers	Cane Area (in Hect.)
The Lalit Hari Sugar Factory Pvt. Ltd. Pilibhit[92]	2000 TCD	1909-10	29786	27423
The [Bisalpur Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd., Bisalpur[93]	2500 TCD	1977-78	37543	23945
The Kisan Coop Sugar Factory Ltd., Majhola[94]	2000 TCD	1965-66	7442	7647
The Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd., Puranpur[95]	2500 TCD	1985-86	16576	13170
The Bajaj Hindustan Ltd., Barkhera[96][97]	2160 TCD	2006-07	79222	49522

Other establishment

Name	Sector	Category	Installation year
R.S. Mahajan Industries, Pilibhit	PU	Paper	1963
Majhola Distillery & Chemicals, Pilibhit[98]	SU	Distillery	1969
Anil Modi Oil Industries Ltd., Pilibhit[99]	OW	Vegetable Oils & Wax.	1974

The main crops of district Pilibhit are sugarcane, rice, wheat, pulse, food grains, mustard and oil seeds. which depends upon the seasons. District Pilibhit is also supplies a big amount of fresh vegetables to Delhi, Lucknow and nearby markets. Pilibhit also has one of the biggest food grain market in the [Uttar Pradesh named Adarsh Krishi Khadyann Mandi Samiti (Hindi: आदर्श कृषि खाद्यान्न मण्डी समिति), Which is the main supplier market food grain and vegetable to Uttarakhand.

Apart from agriculture, dairy industry has been flourished in the area. The district has a big number of live stocks mainly cows, buffalos, goats. The district not only fulfill its own demand, but also supplies to the district of Bareilly and various places in Uttarakhand.

The Embroidery industry is also one of the major source of income for semi skilled labor, with help of some NGOs, this industry is blooming up and business is increasing not only in the local market, but also in the inetrnational level.

Economic development indicators ^[100]

Indicators	2004	2008	2012	Units
Work Participation Rate	28	28	30	%
No. of Branches of Scheduled Commercial Bank	107	109	120	numbers
Habitations connected to pucca roads	81	84	90	%
Electrified Households	28	28	32	%
Houses with land-line connections	4	5	8	%
Avg Annual Per Capita Income	82,689	86,728	89,456	Rs.
Per Capita Expenditure	16,924	9,721	12,678	Rs.
Inflation Index	1.14	1.38	1.69	%

Politics

Lok Sabha Constituency

Pilibhit parliamentary constituency has been favorite for the candidates who doesn’t belong to the constituency itself. Only three time any local leader could win the seat. After Independence, In first general election, a local leader Mr. Mukund Lal Agrawal won the seat as Indian National Congress’s candidate and made it to Parliament. Then again In 1977’s Lohiya wave and 1991’s Ayodhya wave could help the local leaders to won the seat. After Mr. Mukund Lal Agrawal, a Praja Socialist Party’s candidate Mr. Mohan Swarup, who was from Bareilly won three consecutive general election in 1957, 1962 and 1967. And again in 1971 general election, Mr. Mohan Swarup won the Pilibhit seat as Indian National Congress’s candidate.^[101]

In the 1977 general election, the Nawab of district’s Sherpur Riyasat, Mr. Md Shamsul Hasan Khan was able to keep the constituency. But in the every next general election in 1980, he lost the seat and Indian National Congress’s candidate Mr. Harish Kumar Gangawar, who belong to Bareilly who the election from Pilibhit parliamentary constituency. And after that, in 1984’s general election Indian National Congress’s candidate Mr. Bhanu Pratap Singh, who belong to Bareilly who the election from the seat. Then it was Smt. Menaka Gandhi’s turn to win the Pilibhit parliamentary constituency] as Janata Dal’s candidate. She belongs to Nehru-Gandhi family and is widow of Mr. Sanjay Gandhi. But 1991’s Ayodhya wave, helped the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) candidate and prominent politician from Barkhera Mr. Parshuram Gangwar to reach the Parliament after defeating her . Again in 1996 Smt. Menaka Gandhi won the general election as Janata Dal’s candidate. She won next two general elections in 1998 and 1999 as Independent candidate, but supported by Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2004, She formal joined BJP and won Pilibhit parliamentary constituency seat as BJP’s candidate. For 15th parliamentary election, she vacated her 5 times seat for her son Mr. Varun Gandhi.^[102]

Pilibhit was in news in March 2009, just two months before the general election of 2009 here, because BJP candidate Mr. Varun Gandhi had made some communal remarks in a public meeting in Dalchand locality of the city on March 6, 2009 and again surrendered before the local court in Pilibhit, after his anticipatory bail expired in the presence of a large number of supporters on 29 March 2009 which followed by mass clashes between Varun Gandhi's supporters and administrative forces in the city.^{[103][104][105][106]}

The Pilibhit parliamentary constituency seat again came in the news, when highest vating was recorded in the state of Uttar Pradesh on 13 May 2009 for the 2009 general election. Total 8,42,590 (64.37%) voter casted theit right to vote out of 13,08,959 voters in the 2009 general election.^{[107][108][109][110]} Varun Gandhi won Pilibhit parliamentary constituency by receiving 4,19,539 (49.79% of total vote casted) votes and defeated his near trailing conterder Mr. V.M. Singh by 2,81,501 votes, who received total 1,38,038 (16.38% of total vote casted) votes. Security deposits of all other 15 candidates, including his uncle V M Singh of Congress and Bahujan Samaj Party nominee Ganga Charan Rajput was forfeited.^{[111][112][113][114][115][116]}

Parliament Constituency Code = 26

Year	Lok Sabha	Name of Members of Parliyament	Party
1951	01st Lok Sabha	Shri Mukund Lal Agrawal	Indian National Congress (INC)
1957	02nd Lok Sabha	Shri Mohan Swarup	Praja Socialist Party (PSP)
1962	03rd Lok Sabha	Shri Mohan Swarup	PSP
1967	04th Lok Sabha	Shri Mohan Swarup	PSP
1971	05th Lok Sabha	Shri Mohan Swarup	INC
1977	06th Lok Sabha	Shri Md Shamsul Hasan Khan	Bharatiya Lok Dal
1980	07th Lok Sabha	Shri Harish Kumar Gangawar	INC
1984	08th Lok Sabha	Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh	INC
1989	09th Lok Sabha	Smt. Menaka Gandhi	Janata Dal (JD)
1991	10th Lok Sabha	Shri Parshuram Gangwar	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
1996	11th Lok Sabha	Smt. Menaka Gandhi	JD
1998	12th Lok Sabha	Smt. Menaka Gandhi	Independent
1999	13th Lok Sabha	Smt. Menaka Gandhi	Independent
2004	14th Lok Sabha	Smt. Menaka Gandhi	BJP
2009	15th Lok Sabha	Shri Varun Gandhi	BJP

All details are taken from Election Commission web site.^[117]

Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

Legislative Assemblies

Assembly	Established	Constituency Code
Pilibhit	1951	41
Bisalpur	1951	43
Puranpur	1951	44
Barkhera	1967	42

Members of Legislative Assemblies

Year	Vidhan Sabha	Pilibhit Constituency	Bisalpur Constituency	Puranpur Constituency	Barkhera Constituency
1951	01st Vidhan Sabha	Sri Niranjan Singh (INC)	Sri Hari Prasad (SoP)	Sri Munendra Pal (SoP)	NIL
1957	02nd Vidhan Sabha	Sri Niranjan Singh (INC)	Sri Bhihari Lal (PSP)	Sri Munendra Pal (PSP)	NIL
1962	03rd Vidhan Sabha	Sri Ram R. Singh (INC)	Sri Durga Prasad (INC)	Sri Mohan Lal Acharya (INC)	NIL
1967	04th Vidhan Sabha	Sri B. Ram (BJS)	Sri Munendra Pal (PSP)	Sri Mohan Lal Acharya (INC)	Sri Kishan Lal (BJS])
1969	05th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Ali Zaheer (INC)	Sri Tej Bhahdur (BKD)	Sri Har Narayan ([BKD)	Sri Kishan Lal (BJS)
1974	06th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Dhirendra Sahai (BKD)	Sri Tej Bhahdur (INC])	Sri Harish Chandra (BJS)	Sri Kishan Lal ([BJS)
1977	07th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Dhirendra Sahai (JP)	Sri Munendra Pal (JP)	Sri Babooram Prabhati (JP)	Sri Kishan Lal (JP)
1980	08th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Charan Jit Singh (INC)	Sri Tej Bhahdur (INC)	Sri Vinod Kumar (INC)	Sri Baboo ram (INC)
1985	09th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Syed Ali Ashrafi (INC)	Sri Tej Bhahdur (INC)	Sri Vinod Kumar (INC)	Sri Kishan Lal (BJP)
1989	10th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Riyaz Ahemad (IND)	Sri Harish Kumar (JP)	Sri Har Narayan (JP)	Sri Sannu Lal (IND)
1991	11th Vidhan Sabha	Sri B. K. Gupta (BJP)	Sri Ram Saran Verma (BJP)	Sri Pramod Kumar (BJP)	Sri Kishan Lal (BJP)
1993	12th Vidhan Sabha	Sri B. K. Gupta (BJP)	Sri Ram Saran Verma (BJP)	Sri Virendra M. Singh (JD)	Sri Kishan Lal (BJP)
1996	13th Vidhan Sabha	Smt. Raj Rai Singh (BJP)	Sri Anish A. Khan (BSP)	Sri Gopal Krishna (SP)	Sri Peetam Ram (SP)
2002	14th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Riyaz Ahemad (SP)	Sri Anish A. Khan (BSP)	Sri Vinod Tiwari (BJP)	Sri Peetam Ram (SP)
2007	15th Vidhan Sabha	Sri Riyaz Ahemad (SP)	Sri Anish A. Khan (BSP)	Sri Arshad Khan (BSP)	Sri Sukh Lal (BJP)

Short Name	Party Name
SoP	Socialist Party of India (SP)
PSP	Praja Socialist Party
BKD	Bharatiya Kranti Dal
BLD	Bharatiya Lok Dal
INC	Indian National Congress
BJS	Bharatiya Jana Sangh
JP	Janata Party
JD	Janata Dal
BJP	Bharatiya Janata Party
SP	Samajwadi Party
BSP	Bahujan Samaj Party
IND	Independent Candidate

Details as per available on Election commission's web site ^[117]

Culture

Architecture

Architectural inheritance of the past millennia of the region of Rohilkhand survives to varying extent, so does in Pilibhit. Some of the construction are very old and have been built over repeatedly in course of time. These building say the stories of its rulers and people who made them. One of the oldest temples Sri Gauri Shankar Temple and Sri Radha Krishna Temple in the Shaukara locality in the city says the story of architecture brilliance and love of people towards it. In the Gauri Shankar Temple premise, has a magnificent gates constructed by Hafiz Rahmat Khan, says the story of communal harmony of the area. Another architectural edifice is Raja Ji ki Koti in the Puranaganj locality of the city, a big and splendid building. Another impressive stop are the four magnificent gate constructed around the administrative building in 1734 AC by the Mughal subedar Ali Mohammed Khan. These gate were named as Barellwi darwaza in west, Hussaini darwaza in east, Jahanabadi darwaza in north and Dakhini darwaza in south, but due to lack of proper maintenance, all gate have been lost, only ruins are remaining now.

The Dramound Boy’s Inter College building says the story of architectural excellence in the city, so does say the Ghanta Gharbuilding. Apart from these public building, some of the residential buildings are also exemplary, some of the century old buildings in the old city have big wooden gates near the Laxmi Cinema complex.

The glimpse of British architecture can be seen in the old Tehsil compound which was constructed in 1903 and in the Pilibhit District jail compound, which was constructed in 1944. the Tehsil compound has been abandoned now, but the jail compound is still in use. Apart from this, there are many more buildings in the city, which are more than century old.

Art and craft

People of Pilibhit are evenly creative in art and craft, One of the local community Kumars in the Tularam locality are the one, who are into the mud craft creation since centuries. Apart from these, Embroidery craft is the employment for many families here. This embroidery is based on Lucknow’s famous Zardozi, work. Some of the neighboring Tharu tribes, are also gross their livelihood by selling a good Terracotta work. All these fine art worker are fragmented, so they are not able to get the real price for their work. But some of the NGO have come to the fore to help them. These artiest and worker are being skilled into the new technicality for the craft excellence.

Being a forest enrich area, Pilibhit has lots of wood based art and craft industries , The wooden flute is one of example from Pilibhit which has find its place on international level, Flutes are being export to US, Europe and UAE. Wooden Chappals (Khadoo) is also an example of wooden craft, but due to very less demand this is a dying state. Apart from this, Musical instrument made of wood like Tabla, Dolak, drums are also mode of revenue for lot of families.

Dance and music

Pilibhit, being in the influence of Braj culture, its dance and music are also enriched with the devotion to Sri Krishna. The region's folk heritage includes songs called rasiya (known and especially popular in Braj, which celebrate the divine love of Radha and Shri Krishna. These songs are accompanied by large drums known as bumb and are performed at many festivals. Other folk dances or folk theater forms include:

• Nautanki
• Qawwali
• Ramlila, which includes enacting the entire Ramayana during the Karthik Navratri
• Raslila
• Bhangra and Gidda

Festivals

Religious practices are as much an integral part of everyday life, and a very public affair, as they are in the rest of India. Therefore, not surprisingly, many festivals are religious in origin, although several of them are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. Among the most important Hindu festivals are Diwali, Holi and Vijayadasami, Mahashivaratri, Ram Navmi, Basant Panchami, Sri Krishna Janamastmi, Raksha Bandhan which are also observed with equal fervour by Jains and Sikhs. Eid al-Milad, Eid ul-Fitr, Bakr-Id and Moharram are Muslim religious festivals. Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated by Jains, Buddha Jayanti by Buddhists, Guru Nanak Jayanti by Sikhs and Good Friday, Christmas by the Christians.^[118]

Entertainment

The city had four cinema hall, but due to a judiciary claim one of the hall has been closed in 2000 and another has been turned in to a marriage hall. Now, only two of them are operational.

No.	Names of Cinema Hall
1.	Vishal Cinema
2.	Laxmi Cinema
3.	Novalty Cinema (not operational)
4.	Jay Cinema (not operational)

Poetry and literature

Pilibhit has produced several who ’s who in field of music, poetry, literature. Some famous residents from Pilibhit are below:-

Anjum Pilibhiti
A poet by nature and song writer by profession, Anjum Pilibhiti has written many songs in the decade of 1940s. He has given his words in movies Meri Kahani (1948), Humayun (1945) , Vidya (1948), Anokhi Ada (1948), Hamjoli (1946), Najma (1943), Anmol Ghadi (1946), Badi Maa (1945), Eighteen Fifty Seven/1857 (1946).^[119]

Akhtar Pilibhiti
The 1940s has witnessed a hit jugalbandi of Akhtar Pilibhiti and young Mohammad Rafi. Akhtar Pilibhit was born in Pilibhit on 12 March 1928. His most famous contribution was in the movie Shehnaaz. His song “ai dil tujh hii ko niind na aayii tamaam raat” was the fomous song in 1948.^[120]

Hafiz Pilibhiti
Hafiz Pilibhiti was one of the famous contributors in the Urdu literature. He was born on 29 November 1860 in a very poor family and did his all studies in the local madrasa. His major contribution is Urdu Nazam and patriotic Urdu songs, which became very famous in the moment against British government those days. All of his work has been protected by National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL). He died on 15 July 1929.^[121]

Rafiq Pilibhiiti
Rafiq Pilibhiiti was born on 14 June 1933 in Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, India. He is an engineer by profession.

Besides having a first class academic career throughout Mr. Rafiq’s name was on the top of the list declared by state public service commission declared in the year 1960. It is remarkable that his poetic art too bears a similar standard of excellence. Rafiq Pilibhiti belongs to a Zamindar family of Rohilkhand in Uttar Pradesh. His father late Sheikh Abdul Latif was also a poet and his pen name was 'Naaz'. Thus Rafiq inherited poetry and it is very much in his blood. It is interesting to know that Rafiq Sahib started writing poetry at the age of fifty, when he was posted at Moradabad.^[122]

His major work are Jahan Numa (Hindi), Hare Zakhma (Hindi, English), Ishq–e–Madaam, Zikr Us Parivash Ka (Urdu) and Jahan Numa (Urdu).

Suroor Jahanabadi
The pre independence political turmoil, and the social consciousness and the national awakening during the last decade of nineteenth century inspired the Surror Hahanabadi (full and real name Munshi Shri Durga das Sahai) a promintant poet, to compose poems of very high standards, suffused with patriotic sentiments. He was born in a poor kayastha family of town Jahanbad in Pilibhit district in 1873. His famous collections of Urdu poems are Jama-i-suroor (1911) and Khumkhana-i-surror (1930-posthumous). Some other famous plays written by surror Jahanabadi are Ruksat-i-Shaheb, Gul-i-firdaus, Diwwar-i-khoon. He died in the year of 1911 on day of Holi.

Fateh Singh Vatsayan
The Hindi and Sanskrit Scholar was born in the Pilibhit city on 13 Jan 1913. He has served 41 years as a Hindi and Sanskrit Prof in various university in India. Presently he is living in Jodhpur with his family. This nonogenarian was honoured by prestigious National Literature Award by the President of India in 1966 for his work Kamayani Sundarya. He also has received various awards and honours from various state governments and organizations. His famous work is Kamayani Sundarya, Sahitya aur Sundarya, Bhartiya Smaj Sashtra, Dayanad Aur unka Ved Bhasya.

Communication and radio stations

Communication networks

All prominent tele-communication network provider in India offers their services in Pilibhit. the city of Pilibhit falls in the eastern boundary of Uttar Pradesh West telecom Circle and thus calls from city of Pilibhit to neighboring districts including rest of the area in the western Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand telecom circle are considered to be local so they charge lower rates than call going to eastern part of Uttar Pradesh.

GSM Service Providers	CDMA Service Providers	Broadband Service Providers
Idea Cellular(Escotel)	Reliance India Mobile	BSNL Broadband
Cellone	Tata Indicom[123]	Airtel Broadband
Airtel[124]	BSNL WLL	Sify iWay
Vodafone-IN (Hutch)	Aircel

Radio services

Radio is one of the mode of entertainment in Pilibhit. Following radio services are available in Pilibhit:-

Service Provider	Frequency
All India Radio	100.4 MHz
Big 92.7 FM, Bareilly station	92.7 MHz
Radio Mantra	91.9 MHz

Civic Administration

Pilibhit City officials Chairman Prabhat Jaiswal District Magistrate Anil Garg(IAS) Superintendent of Police Prakash D.(IPS) Chief Development Officer Surendar Singh(PDS)

The Pilibhit Nagar Palika Parishad (PNPP) is the largest municipal board in the Pilibhit District, in charge of the civic and infrastructural assets of the city of Pilibhit. This municipal board was established in 1865.^[125] Municipal limits begin with bank of River Khakra in the north, to bank of river Devha in the south and railway colony in the east to civil court in the east. The PNPP comprises 52 elected representatives, called Ward Members, one from each of the 52 wards (Civic units) of the city. Elections to the Nagar Palika are held once every five years, with results being decided by popular vote. A ward member from the majority party is selected as a Palika Chairman, which is equivalent to Mayor in municipal corporations. The headquarters of Pilibhit Nagar Palika Parishad is at Sugar Mil Road. As of 2007, the Pilibhit Nagar Palika covers an area of 68.76 km² (27 sq mi).

Until the revision of Lok Sabha constituency and the legislative constituencies by the Delimitation commission before general election 2009, Pilibhit contributed only one members to the Lok Sabha, which includes Khutar and Powayan also, but post delimitation, both of them have been removed from Pilibhit constituency and a new area of Baheri has been included in the Pilibhit constituency. Additionally, Pilibhit city sent one member to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The Pilibhit police is responsible for the law and order maintenance in city of Pilibhit. The department is headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP). Which falls under the direct control of Commissioner, Bareilly Zone, Bareilly, who is responsible of order maintenance in the Bareilly police zone and reports to Director General of Police, Uttar Pradesh. The department works through two main police station in the city, Sungari Police Station for eastern and southern part of the city and Kotwali Police Station for western and northern part of the city, which controls the police sub center, also called police chowkis directly through out the area.

The District Magistrate is responsible for the administration of city of Pilibhit, who directly reports to the home ministry of Government of Uttar Pradesh. Being on the India’s international border, Pilibhit also has the office of Intelligence Department in the city which keep an eye on all the moments across the border as well as in the city.

Gallery

The other Gate of Sri Gauri Shankar Temple, Pilibhit	The Main Gate of Sri Gauri Shankar Temple, Pilibhit	The entry gate at the eastern side of Sri Gauri Shankar Temple, Pilibhit , which were built by Hafiz Rahmat Khan in late 18th century	Compound Sri Gauri Shankar Temple, Pilibhit
The entry gate at the southern side of Sri Gauri Shankar Temple, Pilibhit , which were built by Hafiz Rahmat Khan in late 18th century	Jamia Masjid Main enterence	Sri Radha Krishna Temple, Pilibhit	Methodist Church, Pilibhit
Shah Ji Miyan Dargah Compound	Gurudwara Sri Chhatwi Padshahi in city of Pilibhit	New Sai Baba Temple in city of Pilibhit	Interior of Sai Baba Temple situated in city of Pilibhit

See also

Related Pages About Pilibhit

• All pages beginning with "Pilibhit"

Article about Places in Pilibhit

• Barkhera
• Bilsanda
• Bisalpur
• Gularia Bhindara
• Jahanabad
• Kalinagar
• Madhotanda
• Majhola
• Nyoria Husainpur
• Puranpur

Article about people from Pilibhit

• Bhanu Pratap Singh
• Harish Kumar Gangawar
• Parshuram Gangwar
• Md Shamsul Hasan Khan
• Mohan Swarup
• Menaka Gandhi
• Mukund Lal Agrawal
• Varun Gandhi

Further reading

• William Crooke, P (1999), The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (3 ed.), Asian Educational Services, ISBN 8120612108
• P. C. Kanjilal, P (1982), A Forest Flora for Pilibhit, Oudh, Gorakhpur, and Bundelkhand (5 ed.), Narendra Pub. House
• Basil Leonard Clyde Johnson, P (1979), India,: Resources and Development (6 ed.), Heinemann Educational Books, ISBN 0064933482
• Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, P (1959), Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers (2 ed.), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh
• Walter C. Neale, P (1962), Economic Change in Rural India: Land Tenure and Reform in Uttar Pradesh:1800-1955 (1 ed.), Yale University Press
• Ira Klein, P (1974), Population and Agriculture in Northern India, 1872-1921 (1 ed.), Cambridge University Press
• Drwon S. linker, P (1913), The History of Great Maratha invasion in Northern India, 1705-1805 (3 ed.), Oxford University Press
• Meyer Sir William Stevenson, 1860-1922, P (1909), The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol.20 (1 ed.), Oxford Clarendon Press

References

External links

Government

• Official Web Site
• Government Of Uttar Pradesh - Official Web Site
• Tourism Ministry - Government Of India

Other

• Pilibhit travel guide from Wikitravel
• M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

v • d • e Cities and towns in Pilibhit district Pilibhit Barkhera · Bilsanda · Bisalpur · Gularia Bhindara · Jahanabad · Kalinagar · Madhotanda  · Majhola  · Nyoria Husainpur · Pilibhit · Puranpur Parliamentary Constituency Pilibhit Assembly Constituencies Barkhera · Bisalpur · Pilibhit · Puranpur Cities and towns in other districts Agra · Aligarh · Allahabad · Ambedkar Nagar · Auraiya · Azamgarh · Badaun · Bagpat · Bahraich · Ballia · Balrampur · Banda · Barabanki · Bareilly · Basti · Bijnor · Bulandshahr · Chandauli · Chitrakoot · Deoria · Etah · Etawah · Faizabad · Farrukhabad · Fatehpur · Firozabad · Gautam Buddha Nagar · Ghaziabad · Ghazipur · Gonda · Gorakhpur · Hamirpur · Hardoi · Jalaun · Jaunpur · Jhansi · Jyotiba Phule Nagar · Kannauj · Kanpur Dehat · Kanpur Nagar · Kanshi Ram Nagar · Kaushambi · Kushinagar · Lakhimpur Kheri · Lalitpur · Lucknow  · Mahamaya Nagar · Maharajganj · Mahoba · Mainpuri · Mathura · Mau · Meerut · Mirzapur · Moradabad · Muzaffarnagar  · Pratapgarh · Raebareli · Rampur · Saharanpur · Sant Kabir Nagar · Sant Ravidas Nagar · Shahjahanpur · Shravasti · Siddharthnagar · Sitapur · Sonbhadra · Sultanpur · Unnao · Varanasi

v • d • e Historical regions of Rohilkhand Bareilly district Bareilly · Nawabganj Pilibhit district Pilibhit · Nyoria Husainpur · Jahanabad Rampur district Rampur · Milak Shahjahanpur district Shahjahanpur · Miranpur Katra · Tilhar · Jalalabad · Powayan Moradabad district Moradabad · Sambhal · Joya · Chandausi Badaun district Budaun · Kakrala Lakhimpur Kheri district Mohammadi

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v • d • e Tiger Reserves of India Assam Kaziranga Tiger Reserve  · Manas Tiger Reserve  · Nameri Tiger Reserve Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha Tiger Reserve  · Pakhui Tiger Reserve Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserves Bihar Valmiki Tiger Reserve Chhattisgarh Indravati Tiger Reserves Jharkhand Palamau Tiger Reserve Karnataka Bandipur Tiger Reserve  · Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve  · Bhadra Tiger Reserve Kerala Periyar Tiger Reserve Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve  · Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve  · Kanha Tiger Reserve  · Panna Tiger Reserve  · Pench Tiger Reserve  · Ratapani Tiger Reserve Maharashtra Melghat Tiger Reserve  · Pench Tiger Reserve  · Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve  · Shahayadri Tiger reserve Mizoram Dampa Tiger Reserve Orissa Simlipal Tiger Reserve  · Sunabeda Tiger Reserve Rajasthan Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve  · Sariska Tiger Reserve Tamil Nadu Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa Tiger Reserve  · Pilibhit Tiger Reserve Uttarakhand Corbett Tiger Reserve West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve  · Sunderbans Tiger Reserve

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