Pipunculidae
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Pipunculidae
| Pipunculidae | |
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| Eudorylaus sp. Male and female in copula | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Brachycera |
| Infraorder: | Muscomorpha |
| Section: | Aschiza |
| Superfamily: | Syrphoidea |
| Family: | Pipunculidae |
| Subfamilies | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Pipunculidae are a family of flies (Diptera), commonly termed Big-Headed Flies a reference to the large (Holoptic) eyes , which cover nearly the entire head. The Family is worldwide and more than 1300 species have been described.
The larvae of Pipunculidae develop as Parasitoids almost exclusively in Homoptera, the exception being the genus Nephrocerus, whose hosts are adult Tipulidae (crane flies). The larvae develop rapidly within the crane flies before pupating in the soil[1]. In all Pipunculids there are only 2 larval stages. Some species are used as biological control agents in rice fields.
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Literature
General
- Honomichl K, Bellmann H (1994): Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten; CD-Rom, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
- R. Remane, E. Wachmann: Zikaden – kennenlernen, beobachten – Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89440-044-7
- Waloff N, Jervis M A (1987): Communities of parasitoids associated with leafhoppers and planthoppers in Europe, Adv Ecol Rs 17 282 – 403
Identification
- Coe RL (1966): Diptera family Pipunculidae, Handb Ident British Insects 10(2c), London
- Jervis, M.A. (1992): A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 243–352; London.
- Kehlmaier, C. (2006): The West-Palaearctic species of Jassidophaga Aczél and Verrallia Mik described up to 1966 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 697, 34pp.; Stuttgart.
- Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1992): The Palaearctic species of the genus Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 1: 102–116; St. Petersburg.
- Kehlmaier, C. (2006): The West-Palaearctic species of Jassidophaga Aczél and Verrallia Mik described up to 1966 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 697, 34pp.; Stuttgart.
- Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1992): The Palaearctic species of the genus Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 1: 102–116; St. Petersburg.
- Grootaert, P. & De Meyer, M. (1986): On the taxonomy and ecology of Nephrocerus Zetterstedt (Diptera, Pipunculidae) with a redescription of N. lapponicus and a key to the European species. Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie 56: 85–91.
- Skevington, J. & Marshall, S. A. (1998): Systematics of New World Pipunculus (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, 201pp.; Lanham.
- De Meyer, M. (1989a): The West-Palaearctic species of the pipunculid genera Cephalops and Beckerias (Diptera): classification, phylogeny and geographical distribution. Journal of Natural History 23: 725–765.
- De Meyer, M. (1989b): Systematics of the Nearctic species of the genus Cephalops Fallén (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie 59: 99–130; Brussels.
- De Meyer, M. (1989): The West-Palaearctic species of the pipunculid genera Cephalops and Beckerias (Diptera): classification phylogeny and geographical distribution. Journal of Natural History 23: 725–765.
- Kehlmaier, C. (2005a): Taxonomic revision of European Eudorylini (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 41: 45–353; Hamburg.
- Albrecht, A. (1990): Revision, phylogeny and classification of the genus Dorylomorpha (Diptera, Pipunculidae).Acta Zoologica Fennica 188: 1–240; Helsinki.
- Földvári, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999): Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczél species (Diptera, Pipunculidae).Acta Zoologica Scientiarum Hungaricae 45 (4): 299–334; Budapest.
Distribution
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Pipunculidae |
- Kehlmaier on Pipunculidae Dedicated site
- Tree of Life- Pipunculidae
- Scientific paper on Pipunculidae with structural diagrams
- Images at BugGuide
- Gallery at Diptera.info
See also
References
- ^ Koenig, D.P. & C.W. Young. (January 2007). "First observation of parasitic relations between bigheaded flies of the genus Nephrocerus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tupulidae: Tipulinae), with larval and puparial descriptions of Nephrocerus atrapilus Skevington." (in English). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (Washington DC: Allen Press/The Entomological Society of Washington) 109 (1): 52–65. ISSN 0013-8797.
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