Pittsfield

 

city (1990 pop. 48,622), seat of Berkshire co., W Mass., between mountain ranges, on branches of the Housatonic River; inc. as a town 1761, as a city 1889. The city is the metropolis of the Berkshire resort area. Once a farming community, it developed industrially in the 19th cent. as a result of plentiful water power. Electrical items and textiles, plastics, concrete, and foundry products are manufactured. Oliver Wendell Holmes lived nearby, and “Arrowhead” was Herman Melville's home there from 1850 to 1863. The neoclassical Colonial Theater (1903) has been restored.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Seal
Nickname: Shire City
Location in Berkshire County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°27′00″N 73°14′45″W / 42.45, -73.24583
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Berkshire
Settled	1752
Incorporated	1761
Government
- Type	Mayor-council city
- Mayor	James M. Ruberto
Area
- City	sq mi (km²)
- Land	sq mi ( km²)
- Water	sq mi ( km²)
Elevation	ft ( m)
Population (2000)
- City
- Density	/sq mi (/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code	01201
Area code(s)	413
FIPS code	25-53960
GNIS feature ID	0607643
Website: http://www.pittsfield-ma.org/

Pittsfield is the largest city and county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. Its area code is 413. Its three zip codes are 01201, 01202, 01203. The population was 45,793 at the 2000 census and remains relatively stable. It is the county seat of Berkshire County⁶, and it continues to be one of the population centers of Western Massachusetts, although the population has declined in recent decades.

In 2006, Forbes ranked Pittsfield as #61 in its list of Best Small Places for Business. In 2005, Farmer's Insurance ranked Pittsfield 20th in the United States as Most Secure Place To Live (Small Towns fewer than 150,000 residents).

Points of interest

Culture

Pittsfield is centrally located in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts, and borders Lenox, Massachusetts, home of Tanglewood, the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Tanglewood Music Festival, and the Tanglewood Jazz Festival.

Downtown Pittsfield is home to The Berkshire Museum, Barrington Stage Company, Berkshire Athenaeum, Wahconah Park, Hebert Arboretum, live music, and the newly renovated historic Colonial Theater. A multiplex cinema is also planned for the near future.

Many of the Berkshires' oldest homes, dating to the mid-18th century, can be found in Pittsfield, as well as historic neighborhoods dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Several small multi-generational farms can still be found in Pittsfield, though suburban sprawl and land development have recently claimed some of this land.

• Arrowhead, home of author Herman Melville (1850-1863)
• Berkshire Athenaeum
• Berkshire Museum
• The Colonial Theater dates from 1903.
• Hancock Shaker Village is a living history museum located in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The Village consists of 20 historic buildings set on 1,200 acres (4.9 km²) of farm, field, meadow and woodland, and a collection of 22,200 objects. Each year 75,000 visitors from around the world come to the Village to experience programs, view the Village's premier collection, and learn about Shaker life.
• Hebert Arboretum
• Parallelogram Entertainment Complex
• Barrington Stage Company
• Silvio O. Conte National Archives and Records Administration

Recreation

Pittsfield, MA has two large lakes, Pontoosuc Lake and Onota Lake. Pontoosuc Lake is nearby to the Pontoosuc Lake Country Club, a public 18 hole golf course, one of several golf courses in Pittsfield. Onota Lake is home to the Berkshire Rowing and Sculling Society.

Pittsfield is home to Canoe Meadows Wildlife Sanctuary, 264 acres (1.1 km²) of woods, fields, and wetlands maintained by the Massachusetts Audubon Society. Bousquet Ski Area and Summer Resort entertains visitors and residents year-round with skiing, water slides, go-karts, and other fun activities.

The Berkshire Bike Path Council is presently working with the City of Pittsfield and local residents to extend the Ashuwillticook Trail, a popular 10.5 paved trail located just North of Pittsfield through Pittsfield to Great Barrington, south of Pittsfield and Lenox.

Pittsfield is home to the Pittsfield State Forest, a 65 acre park with hiking and cross-country skiing trails, camping, picnic areas, and a swimming beach. Located within the Pittsfield State Forest is Berry Pond, the highest natural body of water in the state of Massachusetts.

History

Pittsfield was first settled in 1752 and was officially incorporated in 1761. It was named after British nobleman and politician William Pitt.

A group of young men came and began to clear the land in 1743, but threats of Indian raids associated with the conflict of the French and Indian War soon forced them to leave, and the land remained unoccupied by whites for several more years. Finally in 1752, settlers, many from Westfield, Massachusetts, arrived and a village began to grow, which was incorporated as Pontoosuck Plantation in 1753. By 1761 there were 200 residents and the plantation became the Township of Pittsfield, named in honor of British Prime Minister William Pitt, who later would champion the colonists' cause before the revolution.

By the end of the revolutionary war, Pittsfield had expanded to nearly 2,000 residents. While primarily an agricultural area, because of the many brooks that flowed into the Housatonic River, the landscape was dotted with mills that produced lumber, grist, paper and textiles. With the introduction of Merino sheep from Spain in 1807, the area became the center of woolen manufacturing in the United States, an industry that would dominate the community’s employment opportunities for almost a century.

The town was a bustling metropolis by the late 19th century. In 1891, the City of Pittsfield was incorporated, and William Stanley, who had recently relocated his Electric Manufacturing Company to Pittsfield from Great Barrington, produced the first electric transformer. Stanley’s enterprise was the forerunner of the internationally known corporate giant, General Electric. Thanks to the success of GE, Pittsfield’s population in 1930 had grown to more than 50,000. While GE Advanced Materials (Plastics) continues to be one of the City’s largest employers, a workforce that once topped 13,000 was reduced to less than 700 with the demise and/or relocation of the transformer and aerospace portions of the General Electric empire.

President Theodore Roosevelt

On September 3, 1902 at 10:15 AM, during a two-week tour through New England campaigning for Republican congressmen, the barouche transporting President Theodore Roosevelt from downtown Pittsfield to the Pittsfield Country Club collided head-on with a trolley. Roosevelt, Massachusetts Governor Winthrop Murray Crane, secretary to the president George Bruce Cortelyou, and bodyguard William Craig were thrown into the street. Craig was killed; he was the first Secret Service agent killed while on a presidential protection detail. Roosevelt, whose face and left shin were badly bruised, nearly came to blows with the trolley engineer, Euclid Madden. Madden was later charged with manslaughter, to which he pleaded guilty. He was sentenced to six months in jail and a heavy fine.

Baseball in Pittsfield

In 2004, historian John Thorn discovered a reference to a 1791 by-law prohibiting anyone from playing "baseball" within 80 yards of the new meeting house in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. A librarian found the actual by-law in the Berkshire Athenaeum library, and its age was verified by researchers at the Williamstown Art Conservation Center.

If authentic and if actually referring to a recognizable version of the modern game, the 1791 document, would be, as of 2004, the earliest known reference to the game in America. See, Origins of baseball.

The city has "reprinted" the by-Law with auxiliary documents.[1]

The so-called Broken Window By-Law is the earliest known reference to "baseball" in North America. A finding that baseball was invented in 1839 by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown provided the rationale for baseball centennial celebrations in 1939, including the opening of a National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in that city. But few historians ever believed it and "Hall" vice president Jeff Idelson has stated that "Baseball wasn't really born anywhere."

Ulysses Frank Grant, born August 1, 1865 in Pittsfield, MA (died May 27, 1937), was an African American baseball player in the 19th century, who played in the International League and for various independent teams. He is widely considered to have been the greatest African-American player of the 19th century.

Arienti, Stephen 'Nails McGee,' born July 4, 1880, died December 24, 1945. A Major League Baseball player. He made his major league debut for the Brooklyn Superbas on May 15, 1900, and hit a home run in his first at bat. Nails McGee was known for his temper, and developed a reputation as being one of baseball's first hot heads. This resulted in his being hit with several bean balls, ultimately leading to a career ending concussion. Arienti died in his hometown of Pittsfield Mass, in 1945, and is buried in St. Joseph's cemetery.

Ferry, Alfred Joseph 'Cy', born September 27, 1878 , died September 27, 1938. A Major League Baseball Player. He made his major league debut on May 12, 1904, and played his final game on August 4, 1905. Ferry played for the Detroit Tigers in 1904, and the Cleveland Naps in 1905. He died in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1938, as is buried there.

Ferry, John Francis 'Jack', born April 7, 1887 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. A Major League Baseball Player. He made his major league debut on September 4, 1910, and played his final game on June 7, 1913. Ferry played for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1910 to 1913. He died in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, August 29, 1954.

Professional baseball has been played in Pittsfield's Wahconah Park since 1919. As of 2005, Wahconah Park was the home stadium for the NECBL Pittsfield Dukes, a summer amateur team.

Mark Belanger, Golden Glove shortstop for the Baltimore Orioles, and Tom Grieve Outfielder for the Texas Rangers were both from Pittsfield.

Environmental issues

Pittsfield contains an area designated by the Environmental Protection Agency as a Superfund site due to the high content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a suspected carcinogen. The source of this contamination is the largely vacant General Electric operations. The EPA has also selected the City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, for a Superfund Redevelopment Pilot.

The Pittsfield Economic Development Authority (PEDA) is using the Pilot funds to develop a reuse plan for the GE site. Economic redevelopment of the property represents the area’s best opportunity to attract businesses to the area, resulting in jobs and an increase in the city’s tax base.

The total contaminated areas include Silver Lake, former GE properties, residential properties, and "areas where soil was contaminated by the migration of the wastes via the Housatonic River" most notably the floodplain from Pittsfield to Lenox.

The Housatonic River Initiative (HRI), a non-profit coalition of Berkshire County residents, is working to restore the Housatonic River and its floodplain as a major community asset, a river safe to fish and swim.

The controversy concerning this issue garnered media attention in the late 1990s. An article in The Boston Globe (August 10, 1997) revealed that "a 1948 GE memo obtained by the Globe indicates that company officials relied to some extent on residents' willingness to take the fill as a way of handling its industrial waste. 'This is the last section anywhere near the plant where we can dump most anything that comes out of the factory,' a GE manager wrote in 1948 when describing the filling of the residential areas.'"

The year 1999 was a milestone for Pittsfield, when negotiations between EPA, the state, General Electric and the City resulted in a landmark settlement – valued at over $250 million – to clean up Pittsfield and the Housatonic River. The settlement was memorialized in a Consent Decree that was entered in federal court the following year, making it a binding legal agreement.

In the years since the settlement was reached, the EPA, state agencies, the City and GE have undertaken one of the largest and most complex cleanups in the country, while meeting the underlying objectives of the settlement: remediation, revitalization, and restoration.

Examples of success are in plain view, most notably along the ancient Housatonic River as it winds through Pittsfield. Clean up work is complete on the first previously PCB-laden ½ mile of the Housatonic River, adjacent to the GE facility. Exceptional progress has been made on the 1 ½ Mile Reach between Lyman Street and Fred Garner Park.

The EPA has overcome significant engineering hurdles, allowing this $90 million portion of the EPA clean up to be ahead of schedule and likely completed in late 2006.

GE has also removed contaminated soil and restored 27 residential properties abutting the river. To date, more than 115,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated sediment, bank, and floodplain soil have been removed from the river and from people's yards.

Geography

Pittsfield is located at 42°27′8″N, 73°15′6″W (42.452184, -73.251530).¹

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 109.6 km² (42.3 mi²). 105.5 km² (40.7 mi²) of it is land and 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it (3.76%) is water.

Climate

Current Weather in Pittsfield

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there were 45,793 people, 19,704 households, and 11,822 families residing in the city. The population density was 434.1/km² (1,124.3/mi²). There were 21,366 housing units at an average density of 202.5/km² (524.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.58% White, 3.66% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.77% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.04% of the population.

There were 19,704 households out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,655, and the median income for a family was $46,228. Males had a median income of $35,538 versus $26,341 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,549. About 8.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Population trends

1900	21,766
1910	32,121
1920	42,751
1930	49,677
1940	49,684
1950	53,348
1960	57,879
1970	57,020
1980	51,974
1990	48,622
2000	45,793
2002	45,023 (estimate)
2010	42,199 (estimate)
2020	39,115 (estimate)

Sources: Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research and U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division

Government

Education

Elementary schools

• Allendale Elementary (Public School) AES
• Capeless Elementary (Public School) CES
• Crosby Elementary (Public School) CES
• Egremont Elementary (Public School) EES
• Morningside Community (Public School) MCS
• Silvio O. Conte Community (Public School) CCS
• Stearns Elementary (Public School) SES
• Williams Elementary (Public School) RMS

Middle schools

• Herberg Middle School (Public School) HMS
• Reid Middle School (Public School) RMS
• St. Mark's School (Private, Catholic School)(Elementary + Middle School)[2]

High schools

• Miss Hall's School (College Prep)
• Pittsfield High School (Public School) PHS
• Taconic High School (Public School) THS
• St. Joseph Central High School (Private, Catholic school) SJCHS

Alternative education

• Hibbard Alternative (Public School) HAS

Higher education

Pittsfield is home to Berkshire Community College, as well as Miss Hall's School, a private college-preparatory school for girls and one of the first girls' boarding schools established in New England (founded in 1898).

• Berkshire Community College BCC
• Williams College is located 20 miles North of Pittsfield, in Williamstown, Massachusetts.

Transportation

Pittsfield is located at the crossroads of U.S. Route 7 and U.S. Route 20 which join together in the city. The nearest interstate, Interstate 90 (the MassPike) is located about 10 miles south in Lee.

Major US Routes 7 & 20 pass through or near the center of Pittsfield, and State Routes 8, 9, 41 and nearby 295 offer direct connections from the three nearby states of New York, Connecticut, and Vermont, as well as points East. The city of Pittsfield is also accessible from Interstate 90 to the south. Pittsfield is reachable in approximately 2 hours from Boston and 2.5 hours from New York City.

The two primary streets in Pittsfield are East/West Street and North/South Street. East Street runs from Dalton, MA (at its East end) until the town center, at which point it becomes West Street and continues until Hancock, MA. North Street runs from Lanesborough, MA (at its North end) to the town center, at which point it becomes South Street and continues to Lenox, MA.

Long-distance ground transportation in Pittsfield is based at the Joseph Scelsi Intermodal Transportation Center which serves as the station for Amtrak trains and Peter Pan buses. The Berkshire Regional Transit Authority (BRTA), the transit provider for Pittsfield and vicinity, is based at the Intermodal Center and also uses it as a hub for most of its lines.

The Pittsfield Airport offers access to the region via private and chartered aircraft ranging from single engine piston to multi-engine jet.

Media

Newspaper

• The Berkshire Eagle, the main daily newspaper for the Pittsfield area
• The Pittsfield Gazette, a weekly newspaper devoted to local news, viewpoints, investigative journalism, and city politics

Television

Pittsfield is located in the Albany television market and is the community of license for a station in that market, My Network TV affiliate WNYA. Springfield stations also serve the market with two (WWLP-NBC and WGBY-PBS) on cable. Also carried on cable, but not necessarily serving Pittsfield, are Hartford's WFSB (CBS) and Boston's WCVB (ABC).

Cable television subscribers of TimeWarner Cable in the City of Pittsfield receive Public, Education and Government access channels (PEG Access), provided by Pittsfield Community Television (PCTV), on channels 16, 17 and 18:

• Access Pittsfield, channel 16, Public Access
• Pittsfield ETV, channel 17, Education Access
• Citylink, channel 18, Government Access

Pittsfield Community Television is a not-for-profit, 501 (c)(3) organization and a member of the Alliance for Community Media. Programming on PCTV is available 24 hours per day, year-long, and is available online at www.pittsfieldtv.org.

Radio

Pittsfield is home to (or obtains strong signals from) the following radio stations:

• 860 kHz WSBS (AC, licensed to Great Barrington)
• 1110 kHz WUHN (Oldies//WUPE)
• 1340 kHz WBRK (Standards)
• 1420 kHz WBEC (Talk)
• 89.7 MHz WTBR-FM (Variety)
• 90.3 MHz WAMC-FM (NPR, licenced to Albany, NY, tower on Mount Greylock)
• 91.1 MHz WHVP (Christian-Sound of Life Radio, licenced to Hudson, NY, tower in Chatham, NY)
• 95.9 MHz WBEC-FM (Hot AC)
• 100.1 MHz WUPE (Oldies, licensed to North Adams)
• 101.7 MHz WBRK-FM (AC)
• 102.7 MHz WEQX (Modern Rock, licensed to Manchester, VT)
• 105.1 MHz WAMQ (NPR//WAMC, licensed to Great Barrington)

Signals from Albany, New York and Springfield, Massachusetts also reach Pittsfield as well as some signals from Hartford, Connecticut and even Boston depending on location.

Business

Pittsfield is home to the following businesses:

• General Electric (Plastics/Advanced Materials Division)
• KB Toys - World Headquarters
• Chemex Corporation
• General Systems
• Laurin Publishing, publisher of an international photonics-industry directory, as well as several related periodicals.
• Thaddeus Clapp House, a historic bed and breakfast inn.
• General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems
• Interprint Incorporated
• WorkshopLive, an online music education company specializing in guitar, bass, and keyboard lessons.
• Moscow Ballet, national touring dance company and producer of the Great Russian Nutcracker.

Notable residents

• Thomas Allen, railroad builder and member of the United States Congress^[1]
• William Allen, compiler of the first work of general biography published in the United States^[1]
• Herman Melville, author, resided at Arrowhead in Pittsfield, MA where he wrote his most famous novel, Moby Dick. Herman Melville lived in Pittsfield from 1850 to 1863, during which time he wrote Moby-Dick, Pierre: or, The Ambiguities, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, and The Piazza Tales. His home, Arrowhead, is maintained as a museum by the Berkshire Historical Society, and visitors can see the peaks of Mount Greylock through the study-window, peaks which reminded Melville of a whale's back.^[2] Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote "On the hither side of Pittsfield sits Herman Melville, shaping out the gigantic conception of his 'White Whale,' while the gigantic shape of Graylock[sic] looms upon him from his study-window."

• Oliver Wendell Holmes, poet, summered in Pittsfield His mother's family owned 26,000 acres (105 km²) in Pittsfield
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet, educator, linguist owned a home on East Street
• Jack Welch, CEO of General Electric
• Frank Grant, famous 19th century African- baseball player
• Elizabeth Banks, actress who performed in the films Seabiscuit, Spider-Man, and 40 Year Old Virgin
• Adrian Pasdar, actor
• Stephanie Wilson, astronaut
• Jay McInerney, author of Bright Lights, Big City (1984) on which the popular film is based
• Emily Erwin of the Dixie Chicks
• William Stanley, invented the first alternating current electrical transformer
• Daniel Fox, shares credit for the invention of LEXAN plastic
• Samuel Harrison, Chaplain for the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, one of the first African- units in the Civil War
• Elaine Giftos, film and television actress
• Nancy Graves, sculptor and painter
• Gordon McKay, 19th century inventor and industrialist
• William Miller, famous 19th century preacher
• James Walter Thompson, 19th century advertising pioneer
• Marshall Field, founded Chicago's Marshall Field's department stores, took his first job in 1853 as a clerk in a Pittsfield
• Elkanah Watson, author and agriculturist, in 1810 held the first county fair in the country in Pittsfield
• Brian Louis Piccolo, Chicago Bears halfback, subject of movie Brian's Song
• Robin Williams, actor who maintains a summer home in Pittsfield
• Hung Huynh, season three winner of the reality television show Top Chef, graduate of Pittsfield High School

Trivia

The white terra-cotta Pittsfield Building in downtown Chicago is named after this location It is a reference to the famous Chicagoan Marshall Field, who was born in Massachusetts and has a direct connection to Pittsfield as an apprentice merchant for several years in a Pittsfield store before heading west to Chicago

Sister cities

Pittsfield has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

• Ballina, County Mayo, Ireland
• Cava de' Tirreni, Italy
• Cheongju, South Korea
• Malpaisillo, Nicaragua

References

1. ^ ^{a b} (1967) Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 
2. ^ Herman Melville's Arrowhead. The Berkshire Historical Society. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.

Environment sources:

1. http://www.epa.gov/ne/ra/column/archive/2006/pittsfield_cleanup_20060303.html
2. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pilot/facts/r1_05.htm
3. http://housatonic-river.com/index.php

External links

• City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts Official Website
• Berkshire Historical Society
• http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/05/11/pittsfield_stakes_its_claim_in_baseball_history/
• Wahconah Park
• [3] Pittsfield's Myspace Page

Coordinates: 42.452184° N 73.25153° W

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