pituitary

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An endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It is sometimes called the ‘conductor of the endocrine orchestra’ because it coordinates the activities of many other endocrine glands. Some of its hormones are banned by the International Olympic Committee (see growth hormone).

1. pertaining to or produced by the pituitary gland.
2. the pituitary gland.

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1. a neuroepithelial endocrine gland of dual origin at the base of the brain in the sella turcica, attached by a stalk to the hypothalamus; called also hypophysis. It is composed of two main lobes, the anterior lobe (anterior pituitary, adenohypophysis), secreting several important hormones that regulate the proper functioning of the thyroids, gonads, adrenal cortex, and other endocrine glands, and the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, neurohypophysis) whose cells serve as a reservoir for hormones having antidiuretic and oxytocic action, releasing them as needed, and in response to signals from the hypothalamus, itself responding to incoming signals from the nervous system received by the thalamus. Called also hypophysis. See also pituitrin, vasopressin, oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, prolactin and growth hormone.
2. pertaining to the pituitary gland.
3. a preparation of the pituitary glands of animals, used therapeutically.

• p. abscess — abscess in the rete mirabile of the pituitary is recognizable clinically in cattle. The syndrome begins with a characteristic inability to close the mouth. Saliva drools, the tongue is prolapsed slightly, and there may be blindness, opisthotonos, loss of balance and recumbency.
• p.–adrenal axis — the interactions between hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal cortex, involving releasing factors, tropic hormones and negative feedback mechanisms.
• p. alopecia — see growth hormone-responsive dermatosis.
• p. cachexia — see pituitary cachexia.
• p. dwarfism — congenital dwarfism with all parts properly proportioned. Affected animals are miniatures of normals. There is delayed bone development and epiphyseal fusion is retarded. It is inherited in cattle and German shepherd dogs. See also German shepherd dog dwarfism.
• p. giantism — acromegaly.
• p. gonadotropins — follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone.
• fetal p. hormones — in sheep, cows and goats fetal pituitary ACTH stimulates fetal adrenal cortisol production inducing in turn placental estrogen secretion. Hence fetal placental hormone is important in the induction of parturition.
• p. hypoplasia — congenital absence (aplasia) or incomplete growth (hypoplasia) of gland. Occurs in one form of inherited prolonged gestation in cattle and in poisoning by the weed Salsola tuberculata var. tomentosa. It is an inherited trait in German shepherd dogs.
• posterior p. — 1. the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; the neurohypophysis.
— 2. a preparation of animal posterior pituitary having the pharmacological actions of its hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of diabetes insipidus and as a vasoconstrictor.
• p. rete mirabile abscess — see pituitary abscess.
• p. tumor — includes adenoma, carcinoma and craniopharyngioma. All cause pressure on surrounding tissue and some cause endocrinological disturbances.

Dansk (Danish)
n. - hypofyseforlap
adj. - slimafsondrende

Nederlands (Dutch)
(betreffende) hypofyse

Français (French)
n. - hypophyse, glande pituitaire
adj. - pituitaire

Deutsch (German)
n. - Hirnanhangdrüse
adj. - Hypophysen-

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ανατ.) βλεννογόνος
adj. - (ανατ.) βλεννογόνος, υποφυσιακός

Italiano (Italian)
ipofisi

Português (Portuguese)
n. - pituitária (f)
adj. - pituitário

Русский (Russian)
мозговой придаток, гипофиз

Español (Spanish)
n. - pituitaria
adj. - de la pituitaria

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - hypofys
adj. - slemavsöndrande

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
脑垂体, 脑垂体的, 肢体巨大症的, 脑垂体分泌失调引起的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 腦垂體
adj. - 腦垂體的, 肢體巨大症的, 腦垂體分泌失調引起的

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 뇌하수체, 뇌하수체제
adj. - 점액의, 뇌하수체의

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 下垂体, 下垂体製剤, 脳下垂体
adj. - 下垂体の, 脳下垂体の

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) الغدة النخاميه, عقار مستخرج منها (صفه) نخامي, ذو علاقه بالغدة النخاميه, مخاطي أو مفرز مخاطا‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮בלוטת יותרת-המוח‬
adj. - ‮של בלוטת יותרת-המוח‬

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