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A po' boy (also po-boy, po boy, or poor boy) is a traditional submarine sandwich from Louisiana. It almost always consists of meat or seafood, usually fried, served on baguette-like Louisiana French bread.
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Preparation
A key ingredient that differentiates po' boys from subs, gyros, and grinders is the bread. Louisiana French bread is different from the traditional American baguette, in that it has a flaky crust with a soft, airy center. This is generally attributed to the high ambient humidity causing the yeast to be more active. It also differs from the bread usually used for sub-style sandwiches in the rest of the country, which has a soft exterior. The crust of Louisiana French bread is very crispy--so much so that it is difficult to eat without leaving crumbs. But the interior is very light and airy, often less dense than regular white bread.[dubious ]
Typically, the French bread comes in two foot long "sticks". Standard sandwich sizes might be a half po' boy, about six inches long (called a "Shorty" at Uglesich's), and a full po' boy at about a foot long. But they can be prepared in longer and shorter versions for group events.
The traditional versions are served hot and include fried shrimp and oysters. Soft shell crab, catfish, crawfish, Louisiana hot sausage, roast beef, and french fries are other variations frequently served. The latter two usually are served with roast beef gravy.
A "dressed" po' boy has lettuce, tomato and mayonaise; pickles and onion are optional. Non-seafood po' boys will also usually have mustard, but the customer is expected to specify whether they want "hot" or "regular" - the former being a coarse grained Creole mustard (such as that produced by Zatarain's) and the latter being American yellow mustard. Mother's Restaurant, a popular lunch stop in New Orleans on Poydras St., uses shredded green cabbage rather than lettuce for its dressed sandwiches.
The sandwich was featured on the PBS special Sandwiches That You Will Like.
Etymology
There are countless stories as to the origin of the term po' boy. One theory claims that "po' boy" was coined in a New Orleans restaurant owned by Benny and Clovis Martin, a former streetcar conductor.[1] In 1929, during a four-month strike against the streetcar company, Martin served his former colleagues free sandwiches.[1] Martin’s restaurant workers jokingly referred to the strikers as "poor boys", and soon the sandwiches themselves took on the name.[1] In Louisiana dialect, this is naturally shortened to "po' boy."[1]
In his book The Art of the Sandwich, Jay Harlow suggests that the name "po' boy" comes from the French pour boire or "peace offering," which stems from when men would come home after a night on the town, bringing an oyster loaf as a peace offering.[2]
The Harlow account is questionable since "pour boire" means a tip or gratuity. Harlow's account seems to conflate two other stories about the origins of the term "poor boy". The French phrase "pour boire" literally means "for drink" and translates as the tip one leaves a serving person or a delivery boy. These tips could be used to buy a small sandwich, which became known as poor boys. A variation on this story is that the tips were "for the boy" rendered in a Franglais mixture as "pour le boy".[citation needed]
A Peace Maker was the name for an oyster loaf -- a whole loaf of French Bread, split, hollowed out, and buttered, loaded with fried oysters and garnished with lemon juice and sliced pickles. That was the traditional peace offering upon returning home late.[citation needed]
One restaurant in Bay St. Louis, MS, Trapani's, insists that the name "po' boy" came from a sandwich shop in New Orleans. If one was new to a bar and bought a nickel beer, then he got a free sandwich thrown in. This was sometimes called a "poor boy's lunch", which came to mean just the sandwich itself.
Another version stems from the many sandwich carts in poor neighborhoods throughout the '20s and '30s. Many would offer hot beef or pork sandwiches, or for only a nickel you could get a po'boy sandwich which was the sandwich minus the meat, but with the bread soaked in the meat juices.
New Orleans
The national and international reputation of New Orleans cooking is largely based on its grand restaurants (see Louisiana Creole cuisine). But it is the po' boy that has had the greatest day-to-day impact on the local diet, even in the era of modern fast food. Many people still have it at least once or twice a week--it is eaten for lunch more than any other single dish. Po' boys are made at home, sold pre-packaged in convenience stores, available at the deli counter at the Pink Store, Red Store, Hank's etc. and make up a sizeable percentage of the menu options at most neighborhood restaurants.[citation needed]
The most basic New Orleans restaurant is the po' boy shop. In theory, it need not be much different than a sandwich shop in any other city, with little or no on-premise cooking. The debris gravy for roast beef needs to be kept hot, but that could be done in an electric warmer. Classic examples are Frank's on Decatur Street, which for many years just sold muffalettas and po' boys, and Mother's on Poydras Street.[citation needed]
But these same basic offerings were also available at most corner grocery stores. The next step up for a shop was to offer seafood po' boys and this meant having a stove (or fryer) and having someone who could fry seafood. And if you were frying fish, and shrimp, and oysters for sandwiches, it didn't take much extra to fry them for seafood plates. And if you had a stove for cooking seafood, it didn't take much extra to also offer Red beans and rice and Jambalaya. Many of the classic New Orleans neighborhood restaurants are in this mold offering po' boys, seafood platters, and a number of basic Creole dishes: Parkway Bakery, Maspero's, Liuzza's, Domilise's, Parasol's, Frankie and Johnnie's, and Casamento's.
Two restaurants in this tradition merit special attention. The first is Dooky Chase's, which originally opened as a po' boy shop. Over the years, Miss Leah's cooking evolved and the restaurant expanded, becoming one of the most celebrated in the country. It is one of the few restaurants to span the gulf between neighborhood joint and grand dame. The second was Uglesich's, a small in a more-or-less falling down corner store in New Orleans Central City. Only ever open for lunch, it was for many years a workingman's restaurant serving po' boys and fresh shucked oysters. But the fried seafood (cooked to order in cast iron kettles on a stove) was considered some of the best in the city[citation needed]. Over time Mr. Anthony began to draw on his Yugoslavian heritage combining it with inspiration from other restaurants in the city to create new dishes--Trout Muddy Waters, Shrimp Uggie, Fried Mirliton with Shrimp Remoulade--which have drawn national attention[citation needed]. The restaurant closed on May 6, 2005 with the retirement of Anthony and Gail Uglesich.
Variations
Authentic versions of Louisiana style po' boys can be found along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast--from Houston through the Florida panhandle. The term "po' boy" has spread further and can be found on the Southeastern seaboard and in California, but may refer to variations on the local submarine sandwich, perhaps made with fried shrimp or oysters.
The New Orleans roast beef po' boy is generally served hot with gravy and greatly resembles a Chicago Italian beef sandwich in appearance and method of preparation, although the size, bread, and toppings differ. To make it, a cut of beef (usually chuck or shoulder) is typically simmered in beef stock with seasonings such as garlic, pepper, thyme, and bay for several hours. The beef can be processed into "debris" by cutting it to shreds when done (folklore says that a po' boy roast is done when it "falls apart with a hard stare") and simmering the shredded beef in the pot for a longer time to absorb more of the juice and seasoning.
In Chicagoland a Poor Boy is ground cube steak on garlic bread. This variation was made popular by Merichka's located in Crest Hill and can now be found all over the area. In St. Louis a Poor Boy is a sandwich made with a piece of French bread, sliced lengthwise, and filled with cold cuts--esp. hard salami, ham, and/or roast beef, cheese, onions, pickles, lettuce, tomato, and condiments.
Notes
- ^ a b c d John T. Edge, "Saving New Orleans Culture, One Sandwich at a Time", New York Times (2009/11/11).
- ^ Jay Harlow, The Art of the Sandwich.
See also
External links
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