Poland

Poland is a novel published in 1983 by James A. Michener detailing the times and tribulations of three Polish families (the Lubonski family, the Bukowski family, and the Buk family) across eight centuries, ending in the present day (1981).

Overview

Michener was hired by a television company to travel to a foreign country to shoot a documentary. He was offered to go anywhere in the world and Michener decided to make the trip to Poland. Following this, Michener made several trips back to Poland and conducted extensive study of Poland's history and culture. He began writing the book in 1979 and it was published four years later.

Like Michener's other works, he includes an acknowledgments section at the beginning of the book, however due to the political turmoil in Poland at the time, Michener decided not to include the names of the people he traveled with for fear of persecutions against them. He writes: "Normally, as I have done in my other novels, I would list their names, their impressive occupations, their achievements in research and scholarship, but I cannot ascertain whether in the present climate this would hurt or help them."

Chapter summary

The book tells the story of three families and the many generations of each family throughout the history of Poland. It is written in an episodic format. The three families (Buk, Bukowski, and Lubonski) are fictional as well as other characters in the book. The plot, however, takes place throughout the history of Poland and contains many historic people. The events are largely real events in which the fictional characters interact in. The book spans the time of over one thousand years.

The book starts with an acknowledgements section, maps of the location of the plot, an explanation of which characters are fictional as opposed to which ones are historical, and a description of the hierarchy of Polish society.

1. Buk versus Bukowski: present day (1981). In the city of Bukowo, the fictional Minister of agriculture of communist Poland, Szymon Bukowski, meets with the leader of the farmers, Janko Buk, to discuss the problems of agriculture and the possibility of forming a farmers' union in Poland. This historic meeting draws media attention from the United States, Japan, Russia, and Western Europe.
2. From the East: invasion by Tartars in the years 1240 to 1241. This chapter tells the story of the historic Mongol invasion of Poland and the Siege of Krakow and the Battle of Legnica
3. From the West: occupation by the Teutonic Knights in the late fourteenth century.
4. From the North: invasion by Sweden and the Polish-Swedish wars taking place during the seventeenth century. Describes the downfall of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth during The Deluge.
5. From the South: invasion by Ottoman Empire (Battle of Vienna). This chapter tells the story of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Battle of Vienna. It takes place in the late seventeenth century.
6. The Golden Freedom: This chapter takes place in the eighteenth century. It discusses Polish politics in the late eighteenth century and different political figures from that time. The novel depicts the partitioning of Poland and the subsequent Kościuszko Uprising.
7. Mazurka: end of the 19th century
8. Shattered Dreams: This chapter takes place in the beginning of the twentieth century after the Reconstitution of Poland. The chapter ends with the Russian Communists' defeated at the Battle of Komarów, or the Battle of Zamość, in 1920.
9. The Terror: invasion and occupation by the Nazis during World War II.
10. Bukowski versus Buk: The novel picks up where it left off in chapter one back in the present day (1981). The chapter title represents the shift in power in the negotiations (from "Buk vs. Bukowski" to "Bukowski vs. Buk").

Bukowo Phrase

1. “A Pole is a man born with a sword in his right hand, a brick in his left. When the battle is over, he starts to rebuild.”

Reception

Poland received very favorable reviews and was #1 on the New York Times bestseller list.

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