Political colour

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Certain political parties or positions have become associated with different colours at different times.

Contents 1 Colours 2 Exceptions and variations 3 List of colours associated with different parties in various countries 3.1 Argentina 3.2 Austria 3.3 Australia 3.4 Bahrain 3.5 Belgium 3.6 Brazil 3.7 Bulgaria 3.8 Republic of China 3.9 Canada 3.10 Colombia 3.11 Czech Republic 3.12 Denmark 3.13 Estonia 3.14 Finland 3.15 France 3.16 Germany 3.17 Greece 3.18 Guinea 3.19 Hong Kong 3.20 Hungary 3.21 India 3.22 Italy 3.23 Republic of Ireland 3.24 Israel 3.25 Lebanon 3.26 Luxembourg 3.27 Republic of Macedonia 3.28 Malta 3.29 Mexico 3.30 Netherlands 3.31 Norway 3.32 New Zealand 3.33 Peru 3.34 Poland 3.35 Portugal 3.36 Romania 3.37 Serbia 3.38 Sierra Leone 3.39 Spain 3.40 Sri Lanka 3.41 Sweden 3.42 Switzerland 3.43 Turkey 3.44 Ukraine 3.45 United Kingdom 3.46 United States 3.47 Uruguay 3.48 Venezuela 3.49 Yugoslavia 4 Shirts associated with fascist parties 5 See also 6 References

Colours

• Black is primarily associated with anarchism (see anarchist symbolism).
  • In the countries with a history of anti-clericalism in Europe and elsewhere in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the officials of the Catholic Church, because their vestments are often black, were called the Black International.^{[dubious – discuss]}
  • In Germany and Austria, it is the colour historically associated with Christian Democrats.
  • Black is sometimes associated with fascism (see blackshirts)
  • In the Islamic world, black flags (often with a white shahadah) are sometimes used by Islamist groups (historically, black was the colour of the Abbasid caliphate).
• Blue, particularly dark blue, is often associated with Conservative parties, originating from its use by that party of the UK.
  • Light blue (azure) is used for the field of the flag of the United Nations. Though it was idealistically chosen to represent peace and hope, one use of the colour has appeared that refers to dealings with the UN in realpolitik terms, namely bluewashing.
  • In the United States, since the year 2000, the mass media has begun to associate blue with the Democratic Party, but the party has not adopted the color in any official sense.
• Brown has been associated with working class Nazism, because the Sturmabteilung (commonly known as the SA) were called "brownshirts". In Europe and elsewhere in the twentieth century, fascists were sometimes called the Brown International.^{[dubious – discuss]}
• Gray was chosen by the German political writer Paul de Lagarde as the symbol of liberals in the nineteenth-century sense (or current European one), which he called the Gray International.
  • The Grays – Senior citizens' interest party.
• Green is the colour for green parties worldwide.
  • Sea green was used as a symbol by members of the Levellers in 17th century Britain; for this reason, it is occasionally used to represent radical liberalism or libertarianism.
  • Irish Nationalist movements have used the colour green for centuries. This colour is also used by the Irish Government.
  • Green has sometimes also been linked to agrarian movements, such as the Populist Party in the US in the 1890s, and the modern day Nordic Agrarian parties.
  • Green, considered the holy colour of Islam, is also used by some Islamists, such as Hamas.
• Orange is sometimes associated with Christian Democratic parties and sometimes various kinds of populist parties. Such is the case in Germany, France, Switzerland, Finland, Hungary, Bolivia, Canada. Following the Ukrainian 'Orange Revolution', the colour has been used by groups and organizations in the Middle East, such as in Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Bahrain and Israel.
  • In the Northern Ireland orange is associated with Unionism and the Orange Order, and in the UK orange was the colour of the historical Liberal Party.
  • In The Netherlands orange is linked to various right-wing and monarchist parties, because of the name Orange of the royal house, and the national association with the colour.
  • In Canada, the New Democratic Party, a social-democratic party, uses orange as its colour.
  • In Israel, orange linked to anti-disengagement rallies and other right wing and pro-settlement activity.
• Red is traditionally associated with socialism and communism; see Red flag.
  • In Europe, red is associated with parties of social democracy, and often their allies within the Labour movement.
  • In several Latin American countries, Red is associated with social-democrat and socialist parties.
  • In the United States, since the year 2000, the mass media has begun to associate it with the Republican Party, but the party has not adopted red in any official sense.
• White has been linked to pacifism (as in the surrender flag) and to independent politicians like Martin Bell.
  • Historically, it was associated with support for absolutist monarchists, first for supporters of the Bourbon dynasty of France, because it was the dynasty's colour. Later it was used by the Czarist Whites in the Russian Revolution of 1917, because their purpose was similar. In the civil war following the independence of Finland in 1917, white was used by the conservative and democratic forces which stood against the socialist red forces.
  • In Italy it is the colour, with red, of Catholic parties, because of the symbol of the blazon Argent, a cross Gules.
• Yellow is also associated with Judaism and the Jewish people (see also Yellow badge). In the nineteenth century in Europe, anti-Semites sometimes referred to Jews collectively as the Yellow International.^{[dubious – discuss]} This derives from the name of a German book, The Golden International.^{[citation needed]}
  • In much of Europe, yellow is the colour associated with liberalism/libertarianism, including the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and the Liberal Democrats.
• Saffron is the colour used to represent Hindutva.^[1]

Exceptions and variations

Notable exceptions and variations to the above colour schemes are:

• In Australia, the Australian Labor Party will typically use red, and the Liberal Party of Australia typically blue. However, this does conform to the above colour in that the "Liberal" party is in fact conservative, the main party of the Right in Australia, and the ALP had historically identified itself as a social-democratic party. The use is essentially the same as the use of blue and red by the UK Conservative and Labour Parties. The Australian Greens use green, while a green-and-gold combination is used both by the National Party of Australia and the Australian Democrats. The colours of the former, however, are not ideological in nature, but are derived from the fact that Australia's national colours are green and gold.
• In Austria, the Social Democratic Party of Austria are traditionally branded red while the conservative, christian-democratic Austrian People's Party are associated with black. The far-right nationalist Freedom Party of Austria is light blue, and the right-wing populist Alliance for the Future of Austria uses orange.
• In Belgium, the Liberal Democrats (VLD and MR) are blue and the Christian Democrats (CD&V and CDH) are orange. The colour of the Flemish nationalists New-Flemish Alliance (N-VA) is yellow. No consistent colour is used for the right-wing nationalist Vlaams Belang, colour used in media or campaigns include white, purple, brown and yellow. Both socialist parties, PS and SP.A, use the traditional red.
• In Canada, the official colour for the social-democratic New Democratic Party is orange, while the Liberal Party of Canada uses red, the Conservative Party of Canada uses blue, and the Bloc Québécois uses a light blue, the same colour as the Quebec provincial flag.
• In Czech Republic, the new official colour for the centre-left Czech Social Democratic Party is orange. Until 2006 it was red and green colour.
• For much of the nineteenth century, the 'blues' in both France and Italy were moderate reforming conservatives, while the absolutist monarchists were whites.
• In Germany, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) are traditionally branded red while the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU) are black and orange. The Christian Social Union of Bavaria, regional sister party of the CDU, uses light blue. The conservative liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) are yellow, Alliance '90/The Greens are unsurprisingly green and the socialist Die Linke (The Left) are officially red, although given maroon or purple colours by the media in order to differentiate them from the SPD.
• In Mexico, the leftist PRD uses yellow. The Right-Wing PAN uses blue and white, the colours of the Virgin of Guadalupe, symbol of Mexican Catholicism.
• In the Netherlands, three parties use green; the centre-left Democrats 66 use light green and both the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and animal-rights party Party for the Animals (PvdD) use a darker green. Additionally, GreenLeft uses both green and red to represent its blend of ecologism and leftism. Two parties use red, the social-democrats of the Labour Party (PvdA) and the radical left Socialist Party (SP). SP uses a brighter tomato red mirroring their party logo; PvdA uses the darker red of their logo, a stylised rose and fist. The conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) uses blue; a governmental coalition involving VVD and PvdA is known as a purple (Paars) government.
• In Northern Ireland, the Unionist parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly are called the "orange block" and the Nationalist parties are the "green block".
• In Portugal, the centre-right conservative Social Democrat Party (PSD), whose name may cause confusion since it is not social-democratic party, are orange. The Socialist Party (PS) use pink as their campaign colour.
• In Taiwan, the leading groups of parties are the more Chinese nationalist Pan-Blue Coalition and the more Taiwanese independence Pan-Green Coalition. The New Party uses yellow as its party colour even though its policies are conservative; the Democratic Progressive Party uses green even though its international alignment is with the Liberal International and not the Green parties.
• In the UK (excluding Northern Ireland), where electoral rosettes are commonly worn for campaigns, the Conservatives use blue; Labour, red; and the Liberal Democrats gold, or amber in Scotland. The Labour Party has recently used bold red with yellow lettering in areas of majority Labour support but also more purple tones in marginal Conservative areas. With many other smaller parties choosing their own colour schemes, Independents unsurprisingly use white. The right-wing and eurosceptic UK Independence Party has chosen to use the non-aligned colour purple with yellow. Far right parties such as the British National Party are noted for using the colours of the Union Jack.
  • Additionally some of the established political parties use or have used colour variations in their own locality. For instance the traditionally colour of the Penrith and the Border Conservatives is yellow, and not dark blue. Also the traditional colour of the Warwickshire Liberals was green, and not orange/yellow.
• In the United States there is no official association between political parties and specific colours. The two major political parties use the national colours — red, white, and blue — to show their patriotism. The only common situation in which it has been necessary to assign a single colour to a party has been in the production of political maps in graphical displays of election results. In such cases, there has historically been no consistent association of particular parties with particular colours. In the weeks following the 2000 election, however, there arose the terminology of blue states and red states, in which the conservative Republican Party was associated with red and the liberal Democratic Party with blue. Political observers subsequently latched on to this association, which resulted from the use of red for Republican victories and blue for Democratic victories on the display map of a television network. This association has certainly not been consistently applied in the past: during previous presidential elections, about half of the television networks used the opposite association. In 2004, the association was mostly kept. However, maps for presidential elections produced by the U.S. government use red for Democrats and blue for Republicans.^{[citation needed]}
  This association has potential to confuse foreign observers in that, as described above, red is traditionally a left-wing colour, while blue is associated with right-wing politics. However, in the United States, the Republican Party is considered further right than the Democratic Party.
  There is some historical use of blue for Democrats and red for Republicans — in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Texas county election boards used colour coding to help Spanish speakers and illiterates identify the parties.^[2] However, this system was not applied consistently in Texas and was not picked up on a national level.
  Since the 2000 election the news media have tended to use red for Republicans and blue for Democrats, especially as it relates to the electoral majority in each state, informally calling them the Red states and Blue states. The colour green is often used for the Green Party, and the colour yellow is often used for the Libertarian Party or for independent candidates generally. A February 2004 article in the New York Times examined this issue.^[3]

List of colours associated with different parties in various countries

Argentina

• Justicialist Party: light blue, white
• Radical Civic Union: red, white
• Socialist Party (Argentina): red
• Republican Proposal: yellow
• Civic Coalition: green, light blue

Austria

• Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ): orange
• Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): black
• Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): blue
• The Greens – The Green Alternative: green
• Liberal Forum (LiF): yellow
• Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): red

Australia

• Australian Democrats: orange
• Australian Greens: green
• Australian Labor Party: red
• Country Liberal Party: orange, white, black
• Liberal Party of Australia: blue
• National Party of Australia: green, gold
• One Nation Party: blue, yellow
• Family First Party: teal, orange (unconfirmed)

Bahrain

• Wa'ad: orange

Belgium

• Christian Democratic and Flemish: orange
• Ecolo and Green!: green
• Flemish Liberals and Democrats (OpenVLD): navy blue, gold
• Humanist Democratic Centre: maroon and orange red
• National Front: Belgium flag colours
• New-Flemish Alliance: black and yellow
• Reformist Movement: blue, yellow and magenta
• Socialist Party (francophone Belgium): red
• Socialist Party - Different: red
• Social Liberal Party: cyaan
• Vivant: gold and sea-green
• Vlaams Belang: yellow and black

Brazil

• Workers' Party (Brazil): red
• Brazilian Democratic Movement Party: green, yellow
• Brazilian Social Democracy Party: blue, yellow

Bulgaria

• Agrarian Union "Aleksandar Stamboliyski": green
• Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union–United: orange
• Bulgarian Socialist Party: red
• Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria: light blue
• Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria: dark blue
• IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement: red and black
• National Movement Simeon II: yellow
• National Union Attack: white, green, red (national colours, official); black (non-official)
• Order, Lawfulness, Justice: blue and orange
• Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria): blue

Republic of China

Pan-blue coalition (blue):

• Kuomintang : blue
• People First Party: orange
• New Party: yellow

Pan-green coalition (green):

• Democratic Progressive Party: green
• Taiwan Solidarity Union: light brown

Canada

• Bloc Québécois: light blue
• Canadian Action Party: blue, red
• Canadian Alliance (now defunct): green, blue
• Christian Heritage Party: purple
• Communist Party: red
• Conservative Party of Canada: blue (with red trim)
• Green Party of Canada: Green
• Liberal Party of Canada: red
• Libertarian Party: green, white
• Marijuana Party: brown, green
• Marxist-Leninist Party: violet
• New Democratic Party: orange and green
• Progressive Canadian Party: blue, red
• Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (now defunct): blue and red

Colombia

• Colombian Conservative Party: Blue
• Colombian Liberal Party: Red
• Party Of The U: Green, Yellow and Red
• Radical Change Party: Red and Blue
• Alternative Democratic Pole: Yellow

Czech Republic

• Civic Democratic Party - blue
• Czech Social Democratic Party - orange
• Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia - red
• Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party - gray and purple
• Green Party - green

Denmark

• Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti): Green
• Red-Green Alliance (Enhedslisten): Red and Green
• Social Democrats (Socialdemokratiet): Red
• Social-Liberal Party (Det Radikale Venstre): Medium blue
• Socialist People's Party (Det Socialistiske Folkeparti): Red
• The Liberals (Venstre): Blue
• Liberal Alliance: Light Blue
• Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti): Red and White

Estonia

• Estonian Reform Party : Blue and Yellow
• Estonian Centre Party : Green
• Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica : Blue
• Social Democratic Party : Red
• Estonian Greens : Green
• People's Union of Estonia : Blue and Gold
• Party of Estonian Christian Democrats : Blue and Red
• Estonian Independence Party : Cornflower blue

Finland

• National Coalition Party (Kansallinen Kokoomus/Nationella Samlingspartiet): Blue
• Christian Democrats (Kristillisdemokraatit/Kristdemokraterna): Blue and Orange
• The Liberals (Liberaalit/Liberalerna): Yellow
• Centre Party (Suomen Keskusta/Centern i Finland): Green
• Social Democratic Party of Finland (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue/Finlands Socialdemokratiska Parti): Red
• Swedish People's Party (Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue/Svenska Folkpartiet): Red and Yellow
• Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto/Vänsterförbundet): Red
• Green League (Vihreä liitto|Gröna Förbundet): Green

France

• Democratic Movement: orange
• French Communist Party: red
• The Greens: green
• Left Radical Party: light pink, gold
• Liberal Alternative: purple
• National Front: brown or black
• National Republican Movement: brown
• Party of the Workers: dark red
• Revolutionary Communist League: dark red
• Socialist Party: pink
• Union for a Popular Movement: blue
• Workers' Struggle: dark red

Germany

• Alliance '90/The Greens: green
• Christian Democratic Union (CDU): black
• Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU): blue (white-blue, colours of Bavaria)
• Free Democratic Party (FDP): yellow
• Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): red
• The Left: magenta or dark red or pink
• National Democratic Party: black, white, red
• Piratenpartei Deutschland: orange

Greece

• ND (Nea Dimokratia): blue
• PASOK (Panellinion Sosialistikon Kinima): green
• KKE (Communist Party of Greece): red
• SYN (Synaspismos): multiple colours
• LAOS (Popular Orthodox Rally): blue, white
• Ecologists Greens: green

Guinea

• PUP: Green
• RPG: Yellow
• UFP: Blue

Hong Kong

Pro-democracy:

• Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood: green-yellow
• Civic Party: purple
• Democratic Party: green
• League of Social Democrats: red
• The Frontier: yellow

Pro-Beijing:

• The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong: red-blue
• Liberal Party: sky blue, yellow, white, red

Hungary

• Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ): blue, blue-white
• Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP): Blue
• Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF): green, green-white
• Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP): red
• Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union: orange

India

• Communists (CPI, CPI(M), etc.): red
• Hindu nationalists (Bharatiya Janata Party, RSS, Shiv Sena, etc.): saffron^[1]
• Indian National Congress (and split-offs like NCP, NTC, etc.): orange-white-green
• Bahujan Samaj Party, Republican Party of India (parties representing dalits): blue
• Rashtriya Janata Dal: green
• Janata Dal (Secular): green
• Telugu Desam Party: yellow
• Jammu and Kashmir National Conference: red
• Telangana Rashtra Samithi: dull pink
• Gorkha National Liberation Front: green
• Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra: green-white

Italy

• The People of the Freedom: blue
• Democratic Party (Italy): green, secondly red
• Northern League: dark green
• Italy of Values: light blue
• Union of Christian and Centre Democrats: white, secondly lihgt blue
• Communist Refoundation Party: red

Republic of Ireland

• Fianna Fáil: green, orange
• Fine Gael: blue, green
• Green Party: gold, light green
• Labour Party: red
• Progressive Democrats: blue
• Sinn Féin: green
• Socialist Party: red, black

Israel

• Hadash: red
• Meretz-Yachad: green and yellow
• The Greens: green
• National Union: orange

Lebanon

• Free Patriotic Movement: orange
• Future Movement: blue
• Progressive Socialist Party: red
• Amal Movement: green
• Hezbollah: yellow
• lebanese Forces: navy green

Luxembourg

• Christian Social People's Party: Orange
• Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party: Red
• Democratic Party: Blue
• The Greens: Green

Republic of Macedonia

• Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization–Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity: red, yellow and black
• Social Democratic Union of Macedonia: blue, yellow and red
• New Social Democratic Party: blue and yellow

Malta

• Nationalist Party (Malta): blue
• Labour Party (Malta): red, magenta
• Alternattive Demokratia: green
• Azzjoni Nazzjonali: blue, red

Mexico

• PRI Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Revolutionary Institutional Party): Red, white and Green
• PRD Partido de la Revolución Democrática (Democratic Revolution Party)Yellow and Black
• PAN Partido Acción Nacional (National Action Party) Blue and White
• PT Partido del Trabajo (Labour Party) Red
• PVEM Partido Verde Ecologista de México (Ecologist Green Party of Mexico) Green
• PCD Partido Convergencia para la Democracia (Democratic Convergence Party) Orange and Blue

Netherlands

• Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA): green, orange
• ChristianUnion: light-blue
• Democrats 66 (D66): light-green
• GreenLeft: green, red
• Labour Party (PvdA): red
• Party for the Animals (PvdD): dark green
• People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD): dark-blue
• Party for Freedom (PVV): red, white, blue
• Reformed Political Party (SGP): orange, blue
• Socialist Party (SP): tomato red

Norway

• Centre Party (Sp): Green
• Christian Democratic Party (KrF): Yellow/Orange
• Green Party: Green
• Høyre - Conservative Party of Norway (H): Blue
• Norwegian Labour Party (DNA): Red
• Progress Party (FrP): Red/White/Dark Blue
• Red Electoral Alliance (RV): Red
• Socialist Left Party (SV): Red and Green
• Venstre- Liberal Party of Norway (V): Green

New Zealand

• ACT New Zealand: yellow and blue
• Alliance: green and red
• Green Party: green
• Maori Party: red and black
• Labour Party: red
• Progressive Party: red and grey
• National Party: blue
• New Zealand First: black and white
• United Future: purple and green
• Workers Party of New Zealand: red

Peru

• Partido Aprista Peruano APRA (Peruvian Aprista Party): Red
• Partido Popular Cristiano PPC (Christian People's Party): Green and Red
• Solidaridad Nacional (National Solidarity): Yellow
• Alianza por el Futuro (Alliance for the Future): Orange
• Peru Posible (Possible Peru): Green and Yellow

Poland

• Civic Platform: blue and orange
• Law and Justice: dark blue
• Polish People's Party: green
• Real Politics Union: blue, white, black

Portugal

• Socialist Party (PS): pink
• Social Democratic Party (PSD): orange
• Democratic and Social Center / People's Party (CDS/PP): blue
• Portuguese Communist Party (PCP): red
• The Greens: green
• Left Bloc: red, black
• New Democracy: red, blue
• National Renewal Party (PNR): blue, red, black

Romania

• Social Democratic Party: red
• National Liberal Party : yellow, blue
• Democratic Party: orange
• Greater Romania Party: blue, yellow, red
• Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania: green, red

Serbia

• Democratic Party: yellow and blue
• Democratic Party of Serbia: blue
• Serbian Radical Party: blue
• Socialist Party of Serbia: red
• Liberal Democratic Party: red

Sierra Leone

• All People's Congress: red
• People's Movement for Democratic Change: orange
• Sierra Leone People's Party: green

Spain

• People's Party (PP): usually blue (as represented in electoral maps)
• Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE): usually red (as represented in electoral maps)
• United Left: usually green (as represented in electoral maps
• Galician Nationalist Bloc: red and sky blue (party colours)*
• Basque Nationalist Party: red, green, white (Ikurriña colours)
• Canarian Coalition: yellow, blue (colours of Canarian flag)*
• Convergence and Union: navy blue (colour of the party)*
• Republican Left of Catalonia: black*, orange*
• Union, Progress and Democracy: magenta (party colour)

• *Note: Nationalist parties usually are represented with the same colour (different from PP's blue, PSOE's red and IU's green) although they're different parties

Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP): blue
• United National Party (UNP): green
• Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP): red
• Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU): orange

Sweden

• Alliance for Sweden: orange
  • Centre Party: green
  • Christian Democrats: blue and white
  • Liberal People's Party: blue and orange
  • Moderate Party: blue
• Green Party: green
• June List: orange
• Left Party: red
• People's Front: yellow & black
• Pirate Party: purple
• Sweden Democrats: blue and yellow
• Swedish Social Democratic Party: red

Switzerland

• Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland: orange
• Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland: blue and yellow
• Free Democratic Party of Switzerland: dark blue, yellow
• Green Party of Switzerland: green
• Liberal Party of Switzerland: blue
• Social Democratic Party of Switzerland: red
• Swiss People's Party: dark green

Turkey

• Republican People's Party: red, white
• Justice and Development Party: white, orange
• Nationalist Movement Party: white, crimson
• Democratic Party: white, red
• Democratic Left Party: deep sky blue
• True Path Party: red
• Social Democratic People's Party: red and green
• Liberal Democratic Party: dark blue
• Workers' Party: red and yellow
• Communist Party of Turkey: red, yellow
• Motherland Party: began as yellow, changed into green and since 2008 yellow
• Democratic People's Party: gold
• Young Party: red, white
• Democratic Society Party: mainly yellow, also green and red

Ukraine

• Party of Regions: blue
• Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc: white and red
• Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc: orange
• Communist Party of Ukraine: red
• Lytvyn Bloc: yellow
• Socialist Party of Ukraine: pink
• Party of Greens of Ukraine: green

United Kingdom

• British National Party: red, white and blue
• Conservative Party: blue
• Co-operative Party: dark grey
• Green Party of England and Wales: green
• Labour Party: red
• Left List: red or red and green
• Liberal Democrats: gold
• Monster Raving Loony Party: yellow and black primary, green and purple additional
• Scottish National Party: yellow
• Plaid Cymru: yellow
• RESPECT Renewal: green and maroon
• UK Independence Party: mauve and gold

United States

• Progressive Labor Party, Communist Party USA, Socialist Workers Party, Vermont Progressive Party: red
• Constitution Party: red, white, and blue, unofficially purple.
• Democratic Party: associated with blue (see discussion above)
• Green Party: No single official colour, but associated with green
• Libertarian Party: No single official colour, but increasingly associated with yellow
• Socialist Party: No single official colour, but associated with red
• Reform Party: red and blue
• Modern Whig Party: blue and buff, based on original colours of the whiggamores.
• Republican Party: associated with red (see discussion above)

Uruguay

• Colorado Party: red. During the war of Carpintería, the group led by Fructuoso Rivera thought of using sky blue vinchas, but that tincture degraded quickly. Therefore, it was decided to choose red instead, which was also easy to get from blood.
• National Party: white, usually mixed with sky blue
• Broad Front: red, blue and white, the same colours used by José Gervasio Artigas.
• Independent Party: violet and yellow

Venezuela

• COPEI: green
• United Socialist Party of Venezuela: red

Yugoslavia

• League of Communists of Yugoslavia: red

Shirts associated with fascist parties

In the first half of the twentieth century, various fascist and other radical groups adopted political uniforms and were often nicknamed according to the colour of their shirts:

• Blackshirts: Italian camicia nera, British Union of Fascists, German Schutzstaffel, Ustaše (Croatian fascists) more specifically; Crna Legija (Black Legion)
• Brownshirts: German Sturmabteilung
• Blueshirts: Spanish Falange, Irish Army Comrades Association, the Italian nationalists under Luigi Federzoni, National Syndicalists of Portugal and the Blue Shirts Society of Republic of China.
• Gold shirts of Mexico
• Greenshirts: Kibbo Kift, or, alternately, Brazilian Integralists, also the Stahlhelm under Alfred Hugenberg and the Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers and Workers Party. Also the colour of the National Corporate Party of Ireland, the successor to the Irish Army Comrades Association and the Blueshirts.
• Greyshirts of South Africa
• Silvershirts: Silver Legion of America
• Descamisados ("Shirtless Ones"): Argentine Peronists

See also

• Political uniform
• List of political party symbols

References