Polyglycylation

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Polyglycylation is a form of posttranslational modification of glutamate residues of the carboxyl-terminal region tubulin in certain microtubules (e.g., axonemal) originally discovered in Paramecium^[1], and later shown in mammalian neurons as well^[2].

References

^ Redeker, V., Levilliers, N., Schmitter, J.M., Le Caer, J.P., Rossier, J., Adoutte, A., and Bré, M.H. (1994). "Polyglycylation of tubulin: a posttranslational modification in axonemal microtubules". Science 266 (5191): 1688–1691. doi:10.1126/science.7992051. PMID 7992051. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/266/5191/1688.
^ Banerjee Asok (2002). "Coordination of posttranslational modifications of bovine brain alpha-tubulin. Polyglycylation of delta2 tubulin". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (48): 46140–46144. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208065200. PMID 12356754. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/48/46140.

Protein primary structure and posttranslational modifications

General

Peptide bond · Protein biosynthesis · Proteolysis · Racemization · N-O acyl shift

N terminus

Acetylation · Carbamylation · Formylation · Glycation · Methylation · Myristoylation (Gly)

C terminus

Amidation · Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) · O-methylation

Single specific AAs


Serine/Threonine	Phosphorylation · Glycosylation · Methylidene-imidazolone (MIO) formation

Tyrosine	Phosphorylation · Sulfation · Porphyrin ring linkage · Adenylylation · Flavin linkage · Topaquinone (TPQ) formation

Cysteine	Palmitoylation · Prenylation

Aspartate	Succinimide formation

Glutamate	Carboxylation · Methylation · Polyglutamylation · Polyglycylation

Asparagine	Deamidation · Glycosylation

Glutamine	Transglutamination

Lysine	Methylation · Acetylation · Acylation · Adenylylation · Hydroxylation · Ubiquitination · Sumoylation · ADP-ribosylation · Deamination · Oxidative deamination to aldehyde · O-glycosylation · Imine formation · Glycation · Carbamylation

Arginine	Citrullination · Methylation · ADP-ribosylation

Proline	Hydroxylation

Histidine	Diphthamide formation · Adenylylation

Tryptophan	C-mannosylation

Crosslinks between two AAs

Cysteine-Cysteine	Disulfide bond

Methionine-Hydroxylysine	Sulfilimine bond

Lysine-Tyrosylquinone	Lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ) formation

Tryptophan-Tryptophylquinone	Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) formation

Three consecutive AAs
(Chromophore formation)

Serine–Tyrosine–Glycine	p-Hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone formation

Histidine–Tyrosine–Glycine	4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-imidazolinone formation

Crosslinks between four AAs

Allysine-Allysine-Allysine-Lysine

Desmosine

←Amino acids

Secondary structure→

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