Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Polyketides are biosynthesized by the polymerization of acetyl and propionyl subunits in a similar process to fatty acid synthesis (a Claisen condensation). [1] They are the building blocks for a broad range of natural products or are further derivatized.
Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of natural products with diverse biological activities and pharmacological properties. Polyketide antibiotics, antifungals, cytostatics, anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, coccidiostatics, animal growth promoters and natural insecticides are in commercial use.[citation needed]
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Examples
- Macrolides
- Picromycin, the first isolated macrolide (1950)
- The antibiotics erythromycin A, clarithromycin, and azithromycin
- The immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506)
- Polyene antibiotics
- Tetracyclines
- The tetracycline family of antibiotics
- Acetogenins
- Others
Biosynthesis
Polyketides are synthesized by one or more specialized and highly complex polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. [1]
References
- ^ a b Robinson JA (1991). "Polyketide synthase complexes: their structure and function in antibiotic biosynthesis". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 332: 107–114. doi:. PMID 1678529.
See also
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