Polymyxin B
Drug Info:
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Polymyxin B
Chemical formula:
Polymyxin B Sulfate Solution for injection
What is this medicine?
POLYMYXIN B (pol i MIX in B) is a polymyxin antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•kidney disease
•lung disease
•myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to polymyxin B, other antibiotics, other medicines, foods, dyes or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
This medicine is injected into a muscle, spinal fluid, or infused through a vein by a health care professional. It can also be given in the eye. Sometimes, this medicine is mixed with an irrigation solution which is then used to treat the skin. Follow the directions of your health care professional and the prescription label. Do not use your medicine more often than directed.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What may interact with this medicine?
•anesthetics
•amikacin
•bacitracin
•colistin
•gentamicin
•kanamycin
•muscle relaxants
•neomycin
•paramomycin
•some diuretics
•streptomycin
•tobramycin
•vancomycin
•verteporfin
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Tell your doctor or health care professional if your symptoms do not improve or if you get new symptoms.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•blurred vision
•difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
•confusion
•dizziness
•headache
•loss of balance
•muscle weakness
•pain or difficulty passing urine
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•pain, irritation, or redness at the injection site
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
You will be instructed on how to store this medicine, if needed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label.
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Polymyxin B
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010) |
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| N-[4-amino-1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy cat. | C |
| Legal status | ℞ Prescription only |
| Routes | Topical, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intrathecal, or Ophthalmic |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 1405-20-5  |
| ATC code | A07AA05 J01XB02 S01AA18 S02AA11 S03AA03 QJ51XB02 |
| PubChem | CID 5702105 |
| DrugBank | DB00781 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201283  |
| NIAID ChemDB | 007797 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C56H100N16O17S |
| Mol. mass | 1301.56 g/mol |
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Polymyxin B is an antibiotic primarily used for resistant Gram-negative infections. It is derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa. Polymyxin B is a mixture of two closely related compounds, polymyxin B1 and polymyxin B2. It has a bactericidal action against almost all Gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus group. Polymyxins bind to the cell membrane and alter its structure, making it more permeable. The resulting water uptake leads to cell death. Polymyxins are cationic, basic proteins that act like detergents (surfactants). Side effects include neurotoxicity and acute renal tubular necrosis. Polymyxins are used in the topical first-aid preparation Neosporin.
- Family of polypeptides with attached fatty acid; cationic detergent at physiological pH, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
- Bactericidal for gram-negative; little to no effect on gram-positive, since cell wall is too thick to permit access to membrane
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Contents
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Mechanism of action
- Alters bacterial outer membrane permeability by binding to a negatively charged site in the lipopolysaccharide layer, which has an electrostatic attraction for the positively charged amino groups in the cyclic peptide portion (this site normally is a binding site for calcium and magnesium counter ions); the result is a destabilized outer membrane
- Fatty acid portion dissolves in hydrophobic region of cytoplasmic membrane and disrupts membrane integrity
- Leakage of cellular molecules, inhibition of cellular respiration
- Binds and inactivates endotoxin[1]
- Relative absence of selective toxicity: nonspecific for cell membranes of any type, highly toxic
Research application
In addition to its antibiotic function, polymyxin B has been used to clear endotoxin contamination in reagents.
References
- ^ Cardoso LS, Araujo MI, Góes AM, Pacífico LG, Oliveira RR, Oliveira SC (2007). "Polymyxin B as inhibitor of LPS contamination of Schistosoma mansoni recombinant proteins in human cytokine analysis". Microb. Cell Fact. 6: 1. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-6-1. PMC 1766364. PMID 17201926. http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6//1.
see also
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