Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Treatment

Several factors have been shown to be important in the treatment of post-traumatic stress. These include proximity of the treatment to the site of the event, immediate intervention of therapy as soon as possible, and the expectation that the individual will eventually return to more normal functions. The most helpful treatment appears to be a combination of medication along with supportive and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Medications used to reduce the symptoms of PTSD include anxiety-reducing medications and antidepressants, especially the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (Prozac). Sleep problems can be lessened with brief treatment with an anti-anxiety drug, such as a benzodiazepine like alprazolam (Xanax), but long-term usage can lead to disturbing side effects, such as increased anger, drug tolerance, dependency, and abuse.

Several types of therapy may be useful and they are often combined in a multi-faceted approach to understand and treat this condition.

• Psychological debriefing may be used as facts are recounted. Impressions, thoughts, and emotions are expressed. These responses are then validated and confirmed to be normal in response to an abnormal situation. The therapist conducting the debriefing may recommend coping skills.
• Psychotherapy can help reduce negative thought patterns and self talk. This can be done on an individual basis or in groups with other PTSD sufferers. Family therapy can also be helpful.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on changing specific actions and thoughts.
• Spiritual healing may also be employed and has been useful in some cases.

— Carol A. Turkington; Jill Ilene Granger