Potassium citrate
McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary:
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potassium citrate
(pə′tas·ē·əm ′sī′trāt)
(organic chemistry) K3C6H5O7·H2O Odorless crystals with saline taste; soluble in water and glycerol, deliquesent and insoluble in alcohol; decomposes about 230°C; used in medicine.
Drug Info:
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Potassium Citrate
Brand names: Urocit®-K
Chemical formula:
- Drug Forms:
- Potassium Citrate Extended-Release Tablets (below)
- Potassium Citrate Oral tablet, extended-release
- Espa�ol:
- Tabletas de liberación prolongada de citrato de potasio
- Citrato de Potasio, Tableta de liberación prolongada
Potassium Citrate Extended-Release Tablets
What are potassium citrate extended-release tablets?
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:• dehydration
• diarrhea
• irregular heartbeat
• kidney disease
• liver disease
• stomach ulcers or other stomach or esophagus problems
• swallowing problems
• urinary tract infection
• an unusual reaction to Potassium Citrate, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding
How should this medicine be used?
Take potassium citrate tablets by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Swallow tablets whole with a full glass of water or juice. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Take tablets in an upright or sitting position. If possible take bedtime doses at least 10 minutes before lying down. Taking a sip of water first, before taking the tablets, may help you swallow them. Take this medicine with meals or a snack. In general, do not take this medicine with tomato juice. Tomato juice contains a high amount of sodium/salt that may not be beneficial to your medication regimen or health conditions. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
What if I miss a dose?
What drug(s) may interact with Potassium Citrate?
• ammonium chloride• amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, or similar drugs
• antacids (especially those containing aluminum hydroxide or calcium carbonate)
• aspirin or aspirin-like drugs used for pain relief (salicylates)
• antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen)
• beta blockers, often used for high blood pressure or heart problems
• certain antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin
• cisplatin
• digoxin
• ephedrine
• flecainide
• heparin
• lithium
• medicines for high blood pressure
• medicines for movement abnormalities as in Parkinson's disease, or for gastrointestinal problems
• methenamine
• penicillin G
• pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine
• quinidine
• sodium polystyrene sulfonate
• water pills (diuretics)
Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.
What should I watch for while taking Potassium Citrate?
Potassium Citrate contains potassium. Your health care provider may monitor the level of potassium in your blood to make sure the level is not too high or too low. Too much potassium can be as dangerous as too little potassium. Potassium is a normal part of a regular diet and is found in beef, veal, ham, chicken, turkey, fish, shellfish, milk, bananas, dates, prunes, raisins, avocado, watermelon, molasses, beans, yams, broccoli, brussel sprouts, lentils, potatoes, and spinach. Salt substitutes and 'low-salt' milks also contain large amounts of potassium. Ask your prescriber or health care professional if you need to change your diet or avoid salt-substitutes.
Ask your health care provider about your fluid intake. If you are taking this medicine for kidney stones, it is suggested to drink plenty of water each day.
Contact your health care professional if you have trouble swallowing potassium citrate tablets, or if the tablets seem to stick in your throat.
If you notice tarry stools or signs of stomach bleeding, contact your health care provider right away.
The shell of extended-release tablets (such as Urocit®-K) may appear intact in the stool; this is not cause for concern. The tablet will have released the medication.
What side effects may I notice from receiving Potassium Citrate?
Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:• black, tarry stools
• blood in the stools
• confusion
• dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting spells
• irregular heartbeat
• muscle weakness
• numbness or tingling in hands or feet
• pain on swallowing
• severe vomiting
• stomach pain or bloating
• unusual tiredness
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• diarrhea
• indigestion
• nausea, vomiting
Where can I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children in a container that small children cannot open.Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light and moisture. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Last updated: 1/16/2004 4:15:00 PM
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:
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potassium citrate
A drug used for the treatment of cystitis: it acts by making the urine alkaline. It is available, without a prescription, as an oral solution or effervescent tablets.
Side effects:
there may be stomach irritation and increased urine production.
Precautions:
potassium citrate should be used with caution by people with kidney disease.
Interactions with other drugs:
Potassium-sparing diuretics there is a risk of increased plasma concentrations of potassium.
Proprietary preparations:
Cymalon Cranberry Liquid; Effercitrate (tablets).
| potassium chloride, potassium channel activators, potassium bicarbonate | |
| potassium hydroxyquinoline sulphate, potassium iodate, potassium permanganate |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Potassium citrate
| Potassium citrate | |
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tripotassium citrate |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 866-84-2  |
| PubChem | 13344 |
| ChemSpider | 12775 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1200458  |
| ATC code | A12 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C6H5K3O7 |
| Molar mass | 306.395 g/mol |
| Appearance | white powder hygroscopic |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 1.98 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
180 °C[1] |
| Boiling point |
230 °C[1] |
| Solubility in water | soluble |
| Solubility | soluble in glycerin insoluble in ethanol (95%) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 8.5 |
| Hazards | |
| LD50 | 170 mg/kg (IV, dog) |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Potassium citrate is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula C6H5K3O7. It is a white, slightly hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste.
As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.
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Contents
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Production
Potassium citrate is produced by adding potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases, filtering the solution and evaporating to granulation.
Uses
Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine as the carbonate. It is, therefore, effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine. It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.
Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout and arrhythmia, if the patient is hypokalemic. In common with other substances that render the urine alkaline, it may be used to reduce the danger of crystalluria during sulfonamide therapy.
It is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones), and is often used by patients with cystinuria. A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year. It is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.
It is also used as an alkanising agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis[2]
Administration
Potassium citrate is usually administered by mouth in dilute aqueous solution. This is because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards.
In states where non-prescription potassium citrate is legal, the maximum allowable over-the-counter (OTC) dose for elemental potassium is regulated by the FDA to be no more than 100 mg (approximately 3% of the daily allowance).[citation needed] Pure potassium citrate contains 38.28% potassium.
External links
References
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McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs
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