| Potassium iodate | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name |
|
| Other names | Iodic acid, potassium salt |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
| PubChem | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | KIO3 |
| Molar mass | 214.001 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystalline powder |
| Density | 3.89 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
560 °C decomp. |
| Solubility in water | 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) |
| Solubility | soluble in KI solution insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia |
| Hazards | |
| EU Index | Not listed |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
2
1
|
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate |
| Other cations | Sodium iodate |
| Related compounds | Potassium iodide Potassium periodate |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Potassium iodate (KIO3) is a chemical compound. It is sometimes used in radiation treatment, as it can replace radioactive iodine from the thyroid.
Contents |
Chemical properties
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can cause fires if in contact with combustible materials or reducing agents. It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example:
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, combustible materials, reducing materials, aluminium, organic compounds, carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides.
Applications
Potassium iodate is used for iodination of table salt, because iodide can be oxidized by molecular oxygen to iodine under wet conditions. To prevent this US companies add thiosulfates or other antioxidants to the potassium iodide, while in some other countries potassium iodate is used as source for iodine. It is also an ingredient in baby formula milk.
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.
Radiation protection
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure.[1] Approved by the World Health Organization, potassium iodate (KIO3) for radiation protection is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI) which studies have shown causes cancer in lab rats[2] and carries poor shelf life in hot and humid climates.[3] Ireland, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and US states Idaho and Utah are known to stock potassium iodate in tablet form. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but is not in their Orange Book which is used for filling federal contracts for a thyroid blocker.
| Age | KI in mg | KIO3 in mg |
|---|---|---|
| Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
| 3 - 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
| 1 - 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
| < 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
References
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) |
- ^ Astbury, John; Horsley, Stephen; Gent, Nick, Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility, 21, pp. 2008–10, http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412
- ^ K. Takegawa, K. Mitsumori, H. Onodera, T. Shimo, K. Kitaura, K. Yasuhara, M. Hirose and M. Takahashi (Sep 2008), Studies on the carcinogenicity of potassium iodide in F344 rats, 38, pp. 773–81, doi:
- ^ Pahuja, D.N.; Rajan, M.G.; Borkar, A.V.; Samuel, A.M. (Nov 2008), Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats, 65, pp. 545–9, PMID 8225995
- ^ Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents, World Health Organization, Update 1999
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