The short title of the early Mahāyāna sūtra whose full name is the Pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukha-avasthita-sāmadhi Sūtra. The work describes a trance (samādhi) which, when perfected, leads to a direct encounter with the Buddhas of the present. It shares an interest in the Pure Land and Amitābha cults with other early Mahāyāna sūtras but is more akin to the Prajñā-pāramitā Sūtra corpus in its stress on emptiness (śūnyatā) than faith-orientated sūtras like the Sukhāvatī-vyūha Sūtra. Certain features of its meditative practice are also suggestive of later Yogācāra. The text only survives in four Chinese translations, the earliest done in 179 ce by Lokakṣema, and Tibetan and Mongolian versions. The appearance of the work in China is said to mark the origins of Pure Land practice (see Pure Land School, China).
Pratyutpanna Sutra
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The Pratyutpanna Sutra (also Pratyutpanna Samadhi Sutra, lit. "The Samadhi of being in the presence of all the Buddhas"/Simplified Chinese 佛说般舟三昧经 ) is an early Mahayana Buddhist scripture, which probably originated around the 1st century BCE in the Gandhara area of northwestern India.
The Pratyutpanna Sutra was first translated into Chinese by the Kushan Buddhist monk Lokaksema between 178 and 189 CE, at the Han capital of Loyang. This translation is, together with the Prajnaparamita Sutra, one of the earliest historically datable texts of the Mahayana tradition.
The Pratyutpanna Sutra contains the first known mentions of the Buddha Amitabha and his Pure Land, said to be at the origin of Pure Land practice in China:
- "Bodhisattvas hear about the Buddha Amitabha and call him to mind again and again in this land. Because of this calling to mind, they see the Buddha Amitabha. Having seen him they ask him what dharmas it takes to be born in the realm of the Buddha Amitabha. Then the Buddha Amitabha says to these bodhisattvas: 'If you wish to come and be born in my realm, you must always call me to mind again and again, you must always keep this thought in mind without letting up, and thus you will succeed in coming to be born in my realm." Pratyutpanna Samadhi Sutra, translated by Jeff Wilson.
See also
- The Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life
- The Contemplation Sutra
- Pure Land Buddhism
- Buddhist texts
External links
- Partial translation - Translation by Rev. Hisao Inagaki
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