President of Guatemala
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President of Guatemala
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The President of Guatemala is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala. The title of "President of Guatemala" has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz. Earlier, Guatemala had been a state within the United Provinces of Central America since 1823, before that part of the First Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide, and before 1821 ruled by the Captain General of Guatemala, a Spanish colonial official owing allegiance to the Viceroy of New Spain and the King of Spain, back to the Spanish conquest of the region in the early 16th century.
The title of "President" has been used by democratically elected leaders and appointed heads of state, as well as by dictators who took power by military coup.
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Chiefs of State of Guatemala within the Federal Republic of Central America (1821–1839)
- Alejandro Díaz Cabeza de Vaca (provisional) : 15 September 1824 – 12 October 1824
- Juan Nepomuceno Barrundia Cepeda : 12 October 1824 – 9 September 1826
- Cirilo Flores (acting) : 9 September 1826 – 13 October 1826
- José Domingo Estrada (acting) : 2 January 1827 – 1 March 1827
- Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol : 1 March 1827 – 13 April 1829
- Mariano Zenteno (provisional) : 13 April 1829 – 30 April 1829
- Juan Nepomuceno Barrundia Cepeda : 30 April 1829 – 23 August 1829
- Pedro Molina Mazariegos : 23 August 1829 – 10 February 1831
- José Gregorio Márquez (acting) : 10 February 1831 – 28 August 1831
- Mariano Gálvez : 28 August 1831 – 3 March 1838
- Pedro José Valenzuela y Jáuregui (acting) : 3 March 1838 – 29 July 1838
- Mariano Rivera Paz (acting) : 29 July 1838 – 30 January 1839
- Carlos Salazar Castro (provisional) : 30 January 1839 – 13 April 1839
- Mariano Rivera Paz (acting) : 13 April 1839 – 3 December 1839
Presidents of the Independent Republic of Guatemala (1839–present)
| President | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mariano Rivera Paz |  |
3 December 1839 | 25 February 1842 | Liberal Party |
| José Venancio López Requena (acting) |  |
25 February 1842 | 14 May 1842 | Liberal Party |
| Mariano Rivera Paz | |
14 May 1842 | 14 December 1844 | Liberal Party |
| Rafael Carrera |  |
14 December 1844 | 16 August 1848 | Conservative Party |
| Juan Antonio Martínez (interim) |  |
16 August 1848 | 28 November 1848 | Conservative Party |
| José Bernardo Escobar (interim) | |
28 November 1848 | 3 January 1849 | Conservative Party |
| Mariano Peredes (interim) |  |
3 January 1849 | 6 November 1851 | Liberal Party |
| Rafael Carrera | |
6 November 1851 | 14 April 1865 | Conservative Party |
| Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol (acting) |  |
14 April 1865 | 24 May 1865 | Conservative Party |
| Vicente Cerna Sandoval |  |
24 May 1865 | 29 June 1871 | Conservative Party |
| Miguel García Granados |  |
29 June 1871 | 4 June 1873 | Liberal Party |
| Justo Rufino Barrios |  |
4 June 1873 | 2 April 1885 | Liberal Party |
| Alejandro M. Sinibaldi (acting) |  |
2 April 1885 | 5 April 1885 | Liberal Party |
| Manuel Barillas | |
6 April 1885 | 15 March 1892 | Liberal Party |
| José María Reina Barrios | |
15 March 1892 | 8 February 1898 | Liberal Party |
| Manuel Estrada Cabrera |  |
8 February 1898 | 15 April 1920 | Liberal Party |
| Carlos Herrera | |
15 April 1920 | 10 December 1921 | Unionist Party |
| José María Orellana |  |
10 December 1921 | 26 September 1926 | Liberal Party |
| Lázaro Chacón González | |
26 September 1926 | 2 January 1931 | Unionist Party |
| José María Reina Andrade (acting) | |
2 January 1931 | 14 February 1931 | Liberal Party |
| Jorge Ubico | 14 February 1931 | 4 July 1944 | Liberal Party | |
| Juan Federico Ponce Vaides | |
4 July 1944 | 20 October 1944 | Liberal Party |
| Revolutionary Government Junta (Major Francisco Javier Arana, Captain Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán and Jorge Toriello Garrido) | |
20 October 1944 | 15 March 1945 | Military |
| Juan José Arévalo | |
15 March 1945 | 15 March 1951 | Revolutionary Action Party |
| Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán | 15 March 1951 | 27 June 1954 | Revolutionary Action Party/Party of the Guatemalan Revolution | |
| Carlos Enrique Díaz de León (provisional) | |
27 June 1954 | 28 June 1954 | Military |
| Col. Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre (Chairman of Military Junta, which other members were: Col. José Ángel Sánchez, Col. José Luis Cruz Salazar, Col. Carlos Enrique Díaz de León and Col. Mauricio Dubois) | |
29 June 1954 | 8 July 1954 | Military |
| Carlos Castillo Armas (as the chairman of the military junta until 1 September 1954, which other member were: Col. Mauricio Dubois, Maj. Enrique Trinidad Oliva, Col. Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre and Col. José Luis Cruz Salazar, and since 1 September 1954 as president) |  |
8 July 1954 | 26 July 1957 | Military |
| Luis Arturo González López (acting) | |
27 July 1957 | 24 October 1957 | National Progress Party |
| Óscar Mendoza Azurdia (Chairman of Military Junta, which other members were: Col. Gonzalo Yurrita Nova and Col. Roberto Lorenzana Salazar) | |
24 October 1957 | 26 October 1957 | Military |
| Guillermo Flores Avendaño (acting) | |
26 October 1957 | 2 March 1958 | Military |
| Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes | |
2 March 1958 | 31 March 1963 | Military/National Democratic Reconciliation Party |
| Enrique Peralta Azurdia | |
31 March 1963 | 1 July 1966 | Military/Institutional Democratic Party |
| Julio César Méndez Montenegro | |
1 July 1966 | 1 July 1970 | Revolutionary Party |
| Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio | |
1 July 1970 | 1 July 1974 | Military/National Liberation Movement |
| Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García | |
1 July 1974 | 1 July 1978 | Military/National Liberation Movement/Institutional Democratic Party |
| Fernando Romeo Lucas García | |
1 July 1978 | 23 March 1982 | Military/Institutional Democratic Party/Revolutionary Party |
| Efraín Ríos Montt (Chairman of the Military Junta of Government to 9 Jun 1982 and then president of the Republic. The other members of the three-man Military Junta were Gen. Horacio Egberto Maldonado Schaad and Col. Francisco Luis Gordillo Martínez.) | |
23 March 1982 | 8 August 1983 | Military |
| Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores | |
8 August 1983 | 14 January 1986 | Military |
| Vinicio Cerezo |  |
14 January 1986 | 14 January 1991 | Guatemalan Christian Democracy |
| Jorge Serrano Elías | |
14 January 1991 | 1 June 1993 | Solidarity Action Movement |
| Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero | |
1 June 1993 | 5 June 1993 | Solidarity Action Movement |
| Ramiro de León Carpio |  |
6 June 1993 | 14 January 1996 | None |
| Álvaro Arzú |  |
14 January 1996 | 14 January 2000 | National Advancement Party/Unionist Party |
| Alfonso Portillo |  |
14 January 2000 | 14 January 2004 | Guatemalan Republican Front |
| Óscar Berger |  |
14 January 2004 | 14 January 2008 | National Solidarity Party/Grand National Alliance |
| Álvaro Colom |  |
14 January 2008 | 14 January 2012 | National Unity of Hope |
| Otto Pérez Molina |  |
14 January 2012 | Incumbent | Patriotic Party/Grand National Alliance |
Latest election
Main article: Guatemalan general election, 2011
| Candidates — Parties | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Otto Pérez Molina — Patriotic Party (PP) | 1,611,493 | 36.01% | 2,300,979 | 53.74% |
| Manuel Baldizón — Renewed Democratic Liberty (LIDER) | 1,038,287 | 23.20% | 1,981,003 | 46.26% |
| Eduardo Suger — Commitment, Renovation and Order (CREO) | 732,842 | 16.38% | ||
| Mario Estrada — Nationalist Change Union (UCN) | 383,643 | 8.57% | ||
| Harold Caballeros — Vision with Values (VIVA) & Encounter for Guatemala (EG) | 275,475 | 6.16% | ||
| Rigoberta Menchú — Broad Left Front— Winaq, Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG-MAIZ) & New Nation Alternative (ANN) |
146,353 | 3.27% | ||
| Juan Gutiérrez — National Advancement Party (PAN) | 123,648 | 2.76% | ||
| Patricia de Arzú — Unionist Party (PU) | 97,381 | 2.18% | ||
| Alejandro Giammattei — Social Action Centre (CASA) | 46,395 | 1.04% | ||
| Adela Camacho de Torrebiarte — Action of National Development (ADN) | 19,038 | 0.43% | ||
| Valid votes | 4,474,555 | 100.00% | 4,281,982 | 100.00% |
| Blank votes | 398,962 | 58,202 | ||
| Invalid votes | 219,713 | 124,934 | ||
| Total votes (voter turnout: 69.38% / 60.83%) | 5,093,230 | 4,465,118 | ||
| Source: Tribunal Supremo Electoral[1] Second round[2] |
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References
- ^ Tribunal Supremo Electoral (27-09-2011) Acuerdo No. 1319-2011 - Resultados oficiales. Consulted: 2011-09-29.
- ^ Tribunal Supremo Electoral. (01/12/2011) Segunda Elección Presidencial. Resultados preliminares. Consulted: 2011-12-01
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