The Antoinette Perry Awards (the Tonys) were established by the American Theatre Wing in 1947 for distinguished achievement in American theater produced on Broadway. The award is named after Antoinette Perry (1888-1946), chairman of the board and secretary of the American Theatre Wing. The categories have evolved greatly over time, and categories are opened only if the Nomination Board considers there to be sufficiently excellent nominees in a particular year; the following list of winners reflects such anomalies.
1947
Play: [no award]
Actor: (tie) José Ferrer, Cyrano de Bergerac; Frederic March, Years Ago
Actress: (tie) Ingrid Bergman, Joan of Lorraine; Helen Hayes, Happy Birthday
Director: Eliza Kazan, All My Sons
Musical: [no award]
Actor: [no award]
Actress: [no award]
Director: [no award]
1948
Play: Mister Roberts (Thomas Heggen/Joshua Logan)
Actor: (triple) Henry Fonda, Mister Roberts; Paul Kelly, Command Decision; Basil Rathbone, The Heiress
Actress: (triple) Judith Anderson, Medea; Katharine Cornell, Antony and Cleopatra; Jessica Tandy, A Streetcar Named Desire
Director: [no award]
Musical: [no award]
Actor: Paul Hartman, Angel in the Wings
Actress: Grace Hartman, Angel in the Wings
Director: [no award]
1949
Play: Death of a Saleman (Arthur Miller)
Actor: Rex Harrison, Anne of the Thousand Days
Actress: Martita Hunt, The Madwoman of Chaillot
Director: Elia Kazan, Death of a Salesman
Musical: Kiss Me, Kate (Bella and Samuel Spewack/Cole Porter)
Actor: Ray Bolger, Where’s Charley?
Actress: Nanette Fabray, Love Life
Director: [no award]
1950
Play: The Cocktail Party (T. S. Eliot)
Actor: Sidney Blackmer, Come Back, Little Sheba
Actress: Shirley Booth, Come Back, Little Sheba
Featured/Supporting Actor: [no award]
Featured/Supporting Actress: [no award]
Director: [no award]
Musical: South Pacific (Joshua Logan, Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers)
Actor: Ezio Pinza, South Pacific
Actress: Mary Martin, South Pacific
Director: Joshua Logan, South Pacific
1951
Play: The Rose Tattoo (Tennessee Williams)
Actor: Claude Rains, Darkness at Noon
Actress: Uta Hagen, The Country Girl
Director: [no award]
Musical: Guys and Dolls (Jo Swerling/Abe Burrows/Frank Loesser)
Actor: Robert Alda, Guys and Dolls
Actress: Ethel Merman, Call Me Madam
Director: George S. Kaufman, Guys and Dolls
1952
Play: The Fourposter (Jan de Hartog)
Actor: José Ferrer, The Shrike
Actress: Julie Harris, I Am a Camera
Director:[triple] José Ferrer, The Shrike/The Fourposter/Stalag 17
Musical: The King and I (Oscar Hammerstein II/Richard Rodgers)
Actor: Phil Silvers, Top Banana
Actress: Gertrude Lawrence, The King and I
Director: [no award]
1953
Play: The Crucible (Arthur Miller)
Actor: Tom Ewell, The Seven Year Itch
Actress: Shirley Booth, The Time of the Cuckoo
Director: Joshua Logan, Picnic
Musical: Wonderful Town (Joseph Fields/Jerome Chodorov/Betty Comden/Adolph Green/Leonard Bernstein)
Actor: Thomas Mitchell, Hazel Flagg
Actress: Rosalind Russell, Wonderful Town
Director: [no award]
1954
Play: The Teahouse of the August Moon (John Patrick)
Actor: David Wayne, The Teahouse of the August Moon
Actress: Audrey Hepburn, Ondine
Director: Alfred Lunt, Ondine
Musical: Kismet (Charles Lederer/Luther Davis/Robert Wright/George Forrest/Alexander Borodin)
Actor: Alfred Drake, Kismet
Actress: Dolores Gray, Carnival in Flanders
Director: [no award]
1955
Play: The Desperate Hours (Joseph Hayes)
Actor: Alfred Lunt, Quadrille
Actress: Nancy Kelly, The Bad Seed
Director: Robert Montgomery, The Desperate Hours
Musical: The Pajama Game (George Abbott/Richard Bissell/Richard Adler/Jerry Ross)
Actor: Walter Slezak, Fanny
Actress: Mary Martin, Peter Pan
Director: [no award]
1956
Play: The Diary of Anne Frank (Frances Goodrich/Albert Hackett)
Actor: Paul Muni, Inherit the Wind
Actress: Julie Harris, The Lark
Director: Tyrone Guthrie, The Matchmaker
Musical: Damn Yankees (George Abbott/Douglass Wallop/Richard Adler/Jerry Ross)
Actor: Ray Walston, Damn Yankees
Actress: Gwen Verdon, Damn Yankees
Director: [no award]
1957
Play: Long Day’s Journey into Night (Eugene O’Neill)
Actor: Frederic March, Long Day’s Journey into Night
Actress: Margaret Leighton, Separate Tables
Director: [no award]
Musical: My Fair Lady (Alan Jay Lerner/Frederick Loewe)
Actor: Rex Harrison, My Fair Lady
Actress: Judy Holliday, Bells Are Ringing
Director: Moss Hart, My Fair Lady
1958
Play: Sunrise At Campobello (Dore Schary)
Actor: Ralph Bellamy, Sunrise At Campobello
Actress: Helen Hayes, Time Remembered
Director: Vincent J. Donehue, Sunrise At Campobello
Musical: The Music Man (Meredith Wilson)
Actor: Robert Preston, The Music Man
Actress: (tie) Thelma Ritter, New Girl in Town; Gwen Verdon, New Girl in Town
Director: [no award]
1959
Play: J.B. (Archibald MacLeish)
Actor: Jason Robards, Jr., The Disenchanted
Actress: Gertrude Berg, A Majority of One
Director: Elia Kazan, J.B.
Musical: Redhead (Herbert and Dorothy Fields/Sidney Sheldon/David Shaw/Albert Hague)
Actor: Richard Kiley, Redhead
Actress: Gwen Verdon, Redhead
Director: [no award]
1960
Play: The Miracle Worker (William Gibson)
Actor: Melvyn Douglas, The Best Man
Actress: Anne Bancroft, The Miracle Worker
Director: Arthur Penn, The Miracle Worker
Musical: (tie) Fiorello! (Jerome Weidman/George Abbott/Sheldon Harnick/Jerry Bock); The Sound of Music (Howard Lindsay/Russel Crouse/Oscar Hammerstein II/Richard Rodgers)
Actor: Jackie Gleason, Take Me Along
Actress: Mary Martin, The Sound of Music
Director: George Abbott, Fiorello!
1961
Play: Becket (Jean Anouilh)
Actor: Zero Mostel, Rhinoceros
Actress: Joan Plowright, A Taste of Honey
Director: Sir John Gielgud, Big Fish, Little Fish
Musical: Bye, Bye Birdie (Michael Stewart/Lee Adams/Charles Strouse)
Actor: Richard Burton, Camelot
Actress: Elizabeth Seal, Irma La Douce
Director: Gower Champion, Bye, Bye Birdie
1962
Play: A Man for All Seasons (Robert Bolt)
Actor: Paul Scofield, A Man for All Seasons
Actress: Margaret Leighton, The Night of the Iguana
Director: Noel Williams, A Man for All Seasons
Musical: How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (Abe Burrows/Jack Weinstock/Willie Gilbert/Frank Loesser)
Actor: Robert Morse, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying
Actress: (tie) Anna Maria Alberghetti, Carnival; Diahann Carroll, No Strings
Director: Abe Burrows, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying
1963
Play: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Edward Albee)
Actor: Arthur Hill, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Actress: Uta Hagen, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Director: Alan Schneider, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Musical: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (Burt Shevelove/Larry Gelbart/Stephen Sondheim)
Actor: Zero Mostel, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
Actress: Vivien Leigh, Tovarich
Director: George Abbott, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
1964
Play: Luther (John Osborne)
Actor: Alec Guiness, Dylan
Actress: Sandy Dennis, Any Wednesday
Director: Mike Nichols, Barefoot in the Park
Musical: Hello, Dolly! (Michael Stewart/Jerry Herman)
Actor: Bert Lahr, Foxy
Actress: Carol Channing, Hello, Dolly!
Director: Gower Champion, Hello, Dolly!
1965
Play: The Subject Was Roses (Frank Gilroy)
Actor: Walter Matthau, The Odd Couple
Actress: Irene Worth, Tiny Alice
Director: Mike Nichols, Luv and The Odd Couple
Musical: Fiddler on the Roof (Joseph Stein/Sheldon Harnick/Jerry Bock)
Actor: Zero Mostel, Fiddler on the Roof
Actress: Liza Minnelli, Flora, the Red Menace
Director: Jerome Robbins, Fiddler on the Roof
1966
Play: Marat/Sade (Peter Weiss)
Actor: Hal Holbrook, Mark Twain Tonight!
Actress: Rosemary Harris, The Lion in Winter
Director: Peter Brook, Marat/Sade
Musical: Man of LaMancha (Dale Wasserman/Joe Darion/Mitch Leigh)
Actor: Richard Kiley, Man of LaMancha
Actress: Angela Lansbury, Mame
Director: Albert Marre, Man of LaMancha
1967
Play: The Homecoming (Harold Pinter)
Actor: Paul Rogers, The Homecoming
Actress: Beryl Reid, The Killing of Sister George
Director: Peter Hall, The Homecoming
Musical: Cabaret (Joe Masteroff/Fred Ebb/John Kander)
Actor: Robert Preston, I Do! I Do!
Actress: Barbara Harris, The Apple Tree
Director: Harold Prince, Cabaret
1968
Play: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (Tom Stoppard)
Actor: Martin Balsam, You Know I Can’t Hear You When the Water’s Running
Actress: Zoe Caldwell, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
Director: Mike Nichols, Plaza Suite
Musical: Hallelujah, Baby! (Arthur Laurents, Betty Comden/Adolph Green/Jule Styne)
Actor: Robert Goulet, The Happy Time
Actress: (tie) Patricia Routledge, Darling of the Day; Leslie Uggams, Hallelujah, Baby!
Director: Gower Champion, The Happy Time
1969
Play: The Great White Hope (Howard Sackler)
Actor: James Earl Jones, The Great White Hope
Actress: Julie Harris, Forty Carats
Director: Peter Dews, Hadrian VII
Musical: 1776 (Peter Stone/Sherman Edwards)
Actor: Jerry Orbach, Promises, Promises
Actress: Angela Lansbury, Dear World
Director: Peter Hunt, 1776
1970
Play: Borstal Boy (Frank McMahon)
Actor: Fritz Weaver, Child’s Play
Actress: Tammy Grimes, Private Lives
Director: Joseph Hardy, Child’s Play
Musical: Applause (Betty Comden/Adolph Green/Lee Adams/Charles Strouse)
Actor: Cleavon Little, Purlie
Actress: Lauren Bacall, Applause
Director: Ron Field, Applause
1971
Play: Sleuth (Anthony Shaffer)
Actor: Brian Bedford, The School for Wives
Actress: Maureen Stapleton, The Gingerbread Lady
Director: Peter Brook, A Midsummer’s Night Dream
Musical: Company (George Furth/Stephen Sondheim)
Actor: Hal Linden, The Rothchilds
Actress: Helen Gallagher, No, No, Nanette[revival]
Director: Harold Prince, Company
1972
Play: Sticks and Bones (David Rabe)
Actor: Cliff Gorman, Lenny
Actress: Sada Thompson, Twigs
Director: Mike Nichols, The Prisoner of Second Avenue
Musical: Two Gentlemen of Verona (John Guare/Mel Shapiro/Galt MacDermot)
Actor: Phil Silvers, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
Actress: Alexis Smith, Follies
Director: Harold Prince and Michael Bennett, Follies
1973
Play: That Championship Season (Jason Miller)
Actor: Alan Bates, Butley
Actress: Julie Harris, The Last of Mrs. Lincoln.
Director: A. J. Antoon, That Championship Season
Musical: A Little Night Music (Hugh Wheeler/Stephen Sondheim)
Actor: Ben Vereen, Pippin
Actress: Glynis Johns, A Little Night Music
Director: Bob Fosse, Pippin
1974
Play: The River Niger (Joseph A. Walker) Actor: Michael Moriarty, Find Your Way Home
Actress: Colleen Dewhurst, A Moon for the Misbegotten
Director: José Quintero, A Moon for the Misbegotten
Musical: Raisin (Robert Nemiroff/Charlotte Zaltzberg/Robert Brittan/Judd Woldin)
Actor: Christopher Plummer, Cyrano
Actress: Virgina Capers, Raisin
Director: Harold Prince, Candide
1975
Play: Equus (Peter Shaffer) Actor: John Kani and Winston Ntshona Sizwe Banzi is Dead and The Island
Actress: Ellen Burstyn, Same Time, Next Year
Director: John Dexter, Equus Musical: The Wiz (William F. Brown/Charlie Smalls)
Actor: John Cullum, Shenandoah Actress: Angela Lansbury, Gypsy
Director: Geoffrey Holder, The Wiz
1976
Play: Travesties (Tom Stoppard)
Actor: John Wood, Travesties Actress: Irene Worth, Sweet Bird of Youth
Director: Ellis Rabb, The Royal Family Musical: A Chorus Line (James Kirkwood/Nicholas Dante/Edward Kleban/Marvin Hamlisch)
Actor: George Rose, My Fair Lady
Actress: Donna McKechnie, A Chorus Line
Director: Michael Bennett, A Chorus Line
1977
Play: The Shadow Box (Michael Cristofer
Actor: Al Pacino, The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel
Actress: Julie Harris, The Belle of Amherst
Director: Gordon Davidson, The Shadow Box
Musical: Annie (Thomas Meehan/Martin Charnin/Charles Strouse)
Actor: Barry Bostwick, The Robber Bridegroom
Actress: Dorothy Loudon, Annie
Director: Gene Saks, I Love My Wife
1978
Play: Da (Hugh Leonard)
Actor: Barnard Hughes, Da Actress: Jessica Tandy, The Gin Game
Director: Melvin Bernhardt, Da Musical: Ain’t Misbehavin’ (Songs by “Fats” Waller)
Actor: John Cullum, On the Twentieth Century
Actress: Liza Minnelli, The Act
Director: Richard Maltby, Jr., Ain’t Misbehavin’
1979
Play: The Elephant Man (Bernard Pomerance)
Actor: Tom Conti, Whose Life Is It Anyway?
Actress: (tie) Constance Cummings
WingsThe Elephant; Carole Shelley, Man
Director: Jack Hofsiss, The Elephant Man
Musical: Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (Hugh Wheeler/Stephen Sondheim)
Actor: Len Cariou, Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Actress: Angela Lansbury, Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Director: Harold Prince, Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
1970
Play: Children of a Lesser God (Mark Medoff)
Actor: John Rubinstein, Children of a Lesser God
Actress: Phyllis Frelich, Children of a Lesser God
Director: Vivian Matalon, Morning’s at Seven
Musical: Evita (Tim Rice/Andrew Lloyd Webber)
Actor: Jim Dale, Barnum
Actress: Patti LuPone, Evita
Director: Harold Prince, Evita
1981
Play: Amadeus (Peter Shaffer) Actor: Ian McKellen, Amadeus
Actress: Jane Lapotaire, Piaf
Director: Peter Hall, Amadeus
Musical: 42nd Street (Michael Stewart/Mark Bramble/Harry Warren/Al Dubin)
Actor: Kevin Kline, The Pirates of Penzance
Actress: Lauren Bacall, Woman of the Year
Director: Wilford Leach, The Pirates of Penzance
1982
Play: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (David Edgar)
Actor: Roger Rees, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby
Actress: Zoe Caldwell, Medea
Director: Trevor Nunn and John Caird, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby
Musical: Nine (Arthur Kopit/Maury Yeston)
Actor: Ben Harney, Dreamgirls
Actress: Jennifer Holliday, Dreamgirls
Director: Tommy Tune, Nine
1983
Play: Torch Song Trilogy (Harvey Fierstein)
Actor: Harvey Fierstein, Torch Song Trilogy
Actress: Jessica Tandy, Foxfire
Director: Gene Saks, Brighton Beach Memoirs
Musical: Cats (T. S. Eliot/Andrew Lloyd Webber)
Actor: Tommy Tune, My One and Only
Actress: Natalia Makarova, On Your Toes
Director: Trevor Nunn, Cats
1984
Play: The Real Thing (Tom Stoppard)
Actor: Jeremy Irons, The Real Thing
Actress: Glenn Close, The Real Thing Musical: La Cage aux Folles (Harvey Fierstein/Jerry Herman)
Actor: George Hearn, La Cage aux Folles
Actress: Chita Rivera, The Rink
Director: Arthur Laurents, La Cage aux Folles
1985
Play: Biloxi Blues (Neil Simon)
Actor: Derek Jacobi, Much Ado About Nothing
Actress: Stockard Channing, Joe Egg
Director: Gene Saks, Biloxi Blues Musical: Big River (William Hauptman/Roger Miller)
Actor: [no award] Actress: [no award]
Director: Des McAnuff, Big River
1986
Play: I’m Not Rappaport (Herb Gardner)
Actor: Judd Hirsch, I’m Not Rappaport
Actress: Lily Tomlin, The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe
Director: Jerry Zaks, The House of Blue [revival]
Musical: The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Rupert Holmes)
Actor: George Rose, The Mystery of Edwin Drood
Actress: Bernadette Peters, Song & Dance
Director: Wilford Leach, The Mystery of Edwin Drood
1987
Play: Fences (August Wilson)
Actor: James Earl Jones, Fences
Actress: Linda Lavin, Broadway Bound
Director: Lloyd Richards, Fences
Musical: Les Misérables (Alain Boublil/Herbert Kretzmer/Claude-Michel Schönberg)
Actor: Robert Lindsay, Me and My Girl
Actress: Maryann Plunkett, Me and My Girl
Director: Trevor Howard and John Caird, Les Misérables
1988
Play: M. Butterfly (David Henry Hwang)
Actor: Ron Silver, Speed the Plow
Actress: Joan Allen, Burn This
Director: John Dexter, M. Butterfly
Musical: The Phantom of the Opera (Richard Stigloe/Charles Hart/ Andrew Lloyd Webber)
Actor: Michael Crawford, The Phantom of the Opera
Actress: Joanna Gleason, Into the Woods
Director: Harold Prince, The Phantom of the Opera
1989
Play: The Heidi Chronicles (Wendy Wasserstein)
Actor: Philip Bosco, Lend Me a Tenor
Actress: Pauline Collins, Shirley Valentine
Director: Jerry Zaks, Lend Me a Tenor
Musical: Jerome Robbins’ Broadway
Actor: Jason Alexander, Jerome Robbins’ Broadway
Actress: Ruth Brown, Black and White
Director: Jerome Robbins, Jerome Robbins’ Broadway
1990
Play: The Grapes of Wrath (Frank Galati)
Actor: Robert Morse, Tru
Actress: Maggie Smith, Lettice and Lovage
Director: Frank Galati, The Grapes of Wrath
Musical: City of Angels, (Larry Gelbart/David Zippel/Cy Coleman)
Actor: James Naughton, City of Angels
Actress: Tyne Daly, Gypsy
Director: Tommy Tune, Grand Hotel
1991
Play: Lost in Yonkers (Neil Simon)
Actor: Nigel Hawthorne, Shadowlands
Actress: Mercedes Ruehl, Lost in Yonkers
Director: Jerry Zaks, Six Degrees of Separation
Musical: The Will Rogers Follies (Peter Stone/Betty Comden/Adolph Green/Cy Coleman
Actor: Jonathan Pryce, Miss Saigon
Actress: Lea Salonga, Miss Saigon
Director: Tommy Tune, The Will Rogers Follies
1992
Play: Dancing at Lughnasa (Brian Friel)
Actor: Judd Hirsch, Conversations with My Father
Actress: Glenn Close, Death and the Maiden
Director: Patrick Mason, Dancing at Lughnasa
Musical: Crazy for You (Ken Ludwig/Ira and George Gershwin)
Actor: Gregory Hines, Jelly’s Last Jam
Actress: Faith Prince, Guys and Dolls
Director: Jerry Zaks, Guys and Dolls
1993
Play: Angels in America - Millennium Approaches (Tony Kushner)
Actor: Ron Liebman, Angels in America - Millennium Approaches
Actress: Madeline Kahn, The Sisters Rosensweig
Director: George C. Wolfe, Angels in America - Millennium Approaches
Musical: Kiss of the Spider Woman (Terrence McNally/Fred Ebb/John Kander)
Actor: Brent Carver, Kiss of the Spider Woman
Actress: Chita Rivera, Kiss of the Spider Woman
Director: Des McAnuff, The Who’s Tommy
1994
Play: Angels in America - Perestroika (Tony Kushner)
Actor: Stephen Spinella, Angels in America - Perestroika
Actress: Diana Rigg, Medea
Director: Stephen Daldry, An Inspector Calls
Musical: Passion (James Lapine/Stephen Sondheim)
Actor: Boyd Gaines, She Loves Me
Actress: Donna Murphy, Passion
Director: Nicholas Hytner, Carousel
1995
Play: Love! Valour! Compassion! (Terrence McNally)
Actor: Ralph Fiennes, Hamlet
Actress: Cherry Jones, The Heiress
Director: Gerald Gutierrez, The Heiress
Musical: Sunset Boulevard (Christopher Hampton/Don Black/Andrew Lloyd Webber)
Actor: Matthrew Broderick, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying
Actress: Glenn Close, Sunset Boulevard
Director: Harold Prince, Show Boat
1996
Play: Master Class (Terrence McNally)
Actor: George Grizzard, A Delicate Balance
Actress: Zoe Caldwell, Master Class
Director: Gerald Gutierrez, A Delicate Balance
Musical: Rent (Jonathan Larson)
Actor: Nathan Lane, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
Actress: Donna Murphy, The King and I
Director: George C. Wolfe, Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk
1997
Play: The Last Night of Ballyhoo (Alfred Uhry)
Actor: Christopher Plummer, Barrymore
Actress: Janet McTeer, A Doll’s House
Director: Anthony Page, A Doll’s House
Musical: Titanic (Peter Stone/Maury Yeston)
Actor: James Naughton, Chicago
Actress: Bebe Neuwirth, Chicago
Director: Walter Bobbie, Chicago
1998
Play: Art (Yasmina Reza/trans. Christopher Hampton)
Actor: Anthony LaPaglia, A View from the Bridge
Actress: Marie Mullen, The Beauty Queen of Leenane
Director: Garry Hynes, The Beauty Queen of Leenane
Musical: The Lion King (Roger Allers/Irene Mecchi/Tim Rice/Elton John/Hans Zimmer)
Actor: Alan Cumming, Cabaret
Actress: Natasha Richardson, Cabaret
Director: Julie Taymor, The Lion King
1999
Play: Side Man
Actor: Brian Dennehey, Death of a Salesman
Actress: Judi Dench, Amy’s View
Director: Robert Falls, Death of a Salesman
Musical: Fosse
Actor: Martin Short, Little Me Actress: Bernadette Peters, Annie Get Your Gun
Director: Matthew Bourne, Swan Lake
2000
Play: Copenhagen
Actor: Stephen Dillane, The Real Thing
Actress: Jennifer Ehle, The Real Thing
Director: Michael Blakemore, Copenhagen
Musical: Contact
Actor: Brian S. Mitchell, Kiss Me, Kate
Actress: Heather Headley, Aida
Director: Michael Blakemore, Kiss Me,
Kate
The American Theatre Wing’s Tony Awards. “Official Website of the American Theatre Wing’s Tony Awards,” www.tonys.org
Stevenson, Isabelle. The Tony Award: A Complete Listing with a History of the American Theatre Wing. New York: Heinemann, 1994.
