Protamine sulfate
Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:
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protamine sulphate
A drug used to counteract overdosage with heparin and low molecular weight heparins. It is available as a solution for injection on prescription only.
Side effects:
include nausea, vomiting, flushing, low blood pressure, slow heart rate, and breathlessness.
Precautions:
there can be allergic reactions, for example in people who have had previous treatment with protamine insulin or who are allergic to fish.
Proprietary preparation:
Prosulf.
| prostaglandins, propylthiouracil, proprietary name | |
| prothrombin complex, protirelin, proton pump inhibitors |
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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protamine sulfate
a sulfated derivative of a protamine. Protamine sulfates combine with, and inactivate, heparin, and are used to prevent bleeding in heparin overdose.
| protamine, protachykinin β precursor, prostin | |
| protease, proteasome, protecting group |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Protamine sulfate
Protamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.
Protamine was originally isolated from the sperm of salmon and other species of fish but is now produced primarily through recombinant biotechnology. It is a highly cationic peptide. It binds to heparin to form a stable ion pair which does not have anticoagulant activity; on its own, protamine has a weak anticoagulant effect. The complex of heparin and protamine is then removed and broken down by the reticuloendothelial system.
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Dosage
Dosage for heparin reversal is 1 mg protamine sulfate i.v. for every 100 IU of active heparin. In patients who are allergic to fish, it can cause significant histamine release resulting in hypotension and bronchoconstriction, and also causes pulmonary hypertension. Infusion should be slow to minimize these side effects. In large doses, protamine itself has some anticoagulant effect.
Uses
Protamine sulfate is usually administered to reverse the large dose of heparin administered during certain surgeries, especially heart surgery. It is also used in gene transfer and protein purification. It is also used in tissue cultures as a crosslinker for viral transduction.
See also
References
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Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs
Market University Press. © 2000, 2003, 2010 An A-Z of Medicinal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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