A proximity sensor is designed to detect when something comes
into a given range of the object in which it is installed. For
example, car manufacturers are beginning to use proximity sensors
in car bumpers to aid drivers in parallel parking. When a vehicle
is maneuvering and comes near another parked car, it gives off a
warning.
In naval warfare, submarines fire torpedoes which are wired with
a proximity fuse which will detonate the payload when the weapon
gets near the target.