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Prunum

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Prunum
Prunum fulminatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Muricoidea
Family: Marginellidae
Subfamily: Marginellinae
Genus: Prunum
Herrmannsen, 1852
Type species
Prunum prunum Gmelin, J.F., 1791
Synonyms[1]
  • Egouena Jousseaume, 1875
  • Leptegouana Woodring, 1928
  • Marginella (Prunum) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Marginellona (Volvarina) Woodring, 1928
  • Porcellanella Tryon, 1882

Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.[1]

The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.[2] A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements [1]

Species

Species within the genus Prunum include:[1]

Species brought into synonymy 
  • Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841)
  • Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)
  • Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865
  • Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865)
  • Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881)[50]: synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868)[51] : synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
  • Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Volvarina capensis (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum carnum Storer, 1837  : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)
  • Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)  : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)
  • Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995)
  • Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010  : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846)  : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912)  : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913)
  • Prunum evax Li, 1930  : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
  • Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791)  : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915  : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
  • Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941)[52] : synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941)
  • Prunum helena Thiele, 1925  : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991)
  • Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865)  : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865)  : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988)  : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
  • Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913  : synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871  : synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871)
  • Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925)  : synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum longivaricosa Lamarck, 1822  : synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999  : synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999
  • Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834)  : synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
  • Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 : synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
  • Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917)  : synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917)
  • Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939  : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)
  • Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913  : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913)
  • Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851  : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum styrium Dall, 1889  : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889)
  • Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881) : synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881)

References

  1. ^ a b c d Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160009 on 23 January 2011.
  2. ^ Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 0-226-38930-8
  3. ^ Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420146 on 24 April 2010.
  4. ^ Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389777 on 24 April 2010.
  5. ^ Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457231 on 24 April 2010.
  6. ^ Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420147 on 24 April 2010.
  7. ^ Prunum amygdala Kiener.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224431 on 24 April 2010.
  8. ^ Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420148 on 24 April 2010.
  9. ^ Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420149 on 24 April 2010.
  10. ^ Prunum Batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387805 on 24 April 2010.
  11. ^ Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457140 on 24 April 2010.
  12. ^ Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160011 on 24 April 2010.
  13. ^ Prunum Cahuitaensis Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388332 on 24 April 2010.
  14. ^ Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457124 on 24 April 2010.
  15. ^ Prunum Camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388333 on 24 April 2010.
  16. ^ Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457281 on 24 April 2010.
  17. ^ Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420152 on 24 April 2010.
  18. ^ Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420153 on 24 April 2010.
  19. ^ Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388670 on 24 April 2010.
  20. ^ Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457253 on 24 April 2010.
  21. ^ Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389778 on 24 April 2010.
  22. ^ Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420154 on 24 April 2010.
  23. ^ Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390513 on 24 April 2010.
  24. ^ Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390514 on 24 April 2010.
  25. ^ Prunum fulgidum Lussi & Smith, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457785 on 24 April 2010.
  26. ^ Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420155 on 24 April 2010.
  27. ^ Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420156 on 24 April 2010.
  28. ^ Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457238 on 24 April 2010.
  29. ^ Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457294 on 24 April 2010.
  30. ^ Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420158 on 24 April 2010.
  31. ^ Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420159 on 24 April 2010.
  32. ^ Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388334 on 24 April 2010.
  33. ^ Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420160 on 24 April 2010.
  34. ^ Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457141 on 24 April 2010.
  35. ^ Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389779 on 24 April 2010.
  36. ^ Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420161 on 24 April 2010.
  37. ^ Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420162 on 24 April 2010.
  38. ^ Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420163 on 24 April 2010.
  39. ^ Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457239 on 24 April 2010.
  40. ^ Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457786 on 24 April 2010.
  41. ^ Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457240 on 24 April 2010.
  42. ^ Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420164 on 24 April 2010.
  43. ^ Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160012 on 24 April 2010.
  44. ^ Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420165 on 24 April 2010.
  45. ^ Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387806 on 24 April 2010.
  46. ^ Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420166 on 24 April 2010.
  47. ^ Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457787 on 24 April 2010.
  48. ^ Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457282 on 24 April 2010.
  49. ^ Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420167 on 24 April 2010.
  50. ^ Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420150 on 24 April 2010.
  51. ^ Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420151 on 24 April 2010.
  52. ^ Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941).  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420157 on 24 April 2010.
  • Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp

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