Pupillary response or dilation of the pupil is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil of the eye via the iris dilator muscle. It can have a variety of causes. It may be an involuntary reflex reaction to inexposure to light. Or it may indicate interest in the subject of attention or indicate sexual stimulation.[1] The pupils contract immediately before someone falls asleep.[2]
A pupillary response can be intentionally conditioned as a Pavlovian response to some stimulus.[3]
The latency of pupillary response (the time in which it takes to occur) increases with age.[4]
Use of central nervous system stimulant drugs can cause dilation of the pupil.[5]
In ophthalmology, intensive studies of pupillary response are conducted via videopupillometry.[6]
See also
- Dilated fundus examination
- Iris dilator muscle
- Iris sphincter muscle
- Mydriasis
- Miosis
- Pupillary light reflex
- Pupilometer
References
- ^ Hess, Eckhard H.; Polt, James M. (5 August 1960), "Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli", Science 132 (3423): 349, doi:, PMID 14401489
- ^ Lowenstein, Otto; Feinberg, Richard; Loewenfeld, Irene E. (April 1963), "Pupillary Movements During Acute and Chronic Fatigue: A New Test for the Objective Evaluation of Tiredness", Investigative Ophthalmology (St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company) 2 (2): 138–157, http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS75010
- ^ Baker, Lynn Erland (1938). The Pupillary Response Conditioned to Subliminal Auditory Stimuli. Ohio State University. http://worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/6894644.
- ^ Podolak, Edward; Feinberg, Richard (September 1965) ([dead link]), Latency of pupillary reflex to light stimulation and its relationship to aging, Federal Aviation Agency, Office of Aviation Medicine, Georgetown Clinical Research Institute, pp. 12, OCLC 84657376, http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS78702
- ^ Jaanus SD (1992), "Ocular side effects of selected systemic drugs", Optom Clin 2 (4): 73–96, PMID 1363080
- ^ Ishikawa, S.; Naito, M.; Inaba, K. (1970), "A new videopupillography", Ophthalmologica 160 (4): 248–259, PMID 5439164
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