Pertaining to the pylorus or to the pyloric part of the stomach.
- antral p. hypertrophy syndrome — a narrowing of the pyloric antrum caused by hypertrophy of the circular smooth muscle and mucosa; occurs most commonly in dogs of small breeds. Obstruction to gastric emptying causes chronic vomiting.
- p. antrum — the part of the stomach cavity just cranial to the pylorus.
- p. dysfunction — the usual effect is to delay gastric emptying. See pyloric achalasia, pyloric obstruction (below).
- p. gastropathy — chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy.
- p. gland — situated in the pyloric region of the stomach and secreting gastrin and mucus. The secretion is slightly alkaline.
- p. obstruction — may be functional due to spasm or achalasia, or physical due to foreign body, e.g. phytobezoar, or external compression by, e.g. lipoma or fat necrosis or tumor or cicatrical contraction. Clinical signs are vomiting, distress due to gastric dilatation, possibly visible abdominal enlargement. In ruminants gross distention of abdomen, rumen contents running from nose, scant feces. In dogs and cats delayed gastric emptying usually causes vomiting, sometimes characteristically projectile, of undigested food.
- p. outflow failure — achalasia of the pylorus with obstruction to the flow of ingesta into the intestine; impaction of material in the abomasum follows; pyloric ulcer a common sequel.
- p. spasm — see pyloric achalasia (above).
- p. stenosis, congenital p. hypertrophy — usually a congenital lesion in dogs, particularly the brachycephalic breeds, that causes vomiting and poor growth from weaning age. Occasionally hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter may be acquired.