Pyrimidine analogue: Information from Answers.com

Pyrimidine analogues are antimetabolites which mimic the structure of metabolic pyrimidines.

Examples

Examples include:

5-fluorouracil (5FU) which inhibits thymidylate synthase.
Floxuridine (FUDR)
Cytosine arabinoside (Cytarabine)

Intracellular chemotherapeutic agents/antineoplastic agents (L01)

SPs/MIs
(M phase)

Block microtubule assembly	Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinflunine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine)

Block microtubule disassembly	Taxanes (Docetaxel, Larotaxel, Ortataxel, Paclitaxel, Tesetaxel) · Epothilones (Ixabepilone)

DNA replication
inhibitor

DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)

Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)

Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)

Alkylating	Nitrogen mustards: Mechlorethamine · Cyclophosphamide (Ifosfamide, Trofosfamide) · Chlorambucil (Melphalan, Prednimustine) · Bendamustine · Uramustine · Estramustine Nitrosoureas: Carmustine · Lomustine (Semustine) · Fotemustine · Nimustine · Ranimustine · Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates: Busulfan (Mannosulfan, Treosulfan) Aziridines: Carboquone · ThioTEPA · Triaziquone · Triethylenemelamine

Alkylating-like	Platinum (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Nedaplatin, Oxaliplatin, Triplatin tetranitrate, Satraplatin)

Nonclassical	Hydrazines (Procarbazine) · Triazenes (Dacarbazine, Temozolomide) · Altretamine · Mitobronitol

Intercalation	Streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin)

Photosensitizers/PDT

Aminolevulinic acid/Methyl aminolevulinate · Efaproxiral · Porphyrin derivatives (Porfimer sodium, Talaporfin, Temoporfin, Verteporfin)

Other

Enzyme inhibitors	FI (Tipifarnib) · CDK inhibitors (Alvocidib, Seliciclib) · PrI (Bortezomib) · PhI (Anagrelide) · IMPDI (Tiazofurine) · LI (Masoprocol) · PARP inhibitor (Olaparib)

Receptor antagonists	ERA (Atrasentan) · retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene) · sex steroid (Testolactone)

Other/ungrouped	Amsacrine · Trabectedin · retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin) · Arsenic trioxide · asparagine depleter (Asparaginase/Pegaspargase) · Celecoxib · Demecolcine · Elesclomol · Elsamitrucin · Etoglucid · Lonidamine · Lucanthone · Mitoguazone · Mitotane · Oblimersen · Temsirolimus · Vorinostat

DNA virus Antivirals (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB)

Baltimore I

Herpesvirus

DNA synthesis
inhibitor

TK activated	purine analogue (guanine) (Aciclovir #, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir) · Vidarabine pyrimidine analogue (uridine) (Idoxuridine, Trifluridine) · Brivudine

Not TK activated	Foscarnet

Other

Docosanol · early protein (Fomivirsen) · Tromantadine

HPV/MC

Imiquimod · Podophyllotoxin

Vaccinia

assembly: Rifampicin

Poxviridae

Methisazone

Hepatitis B (VII)

Nucleoside analogues/NARTIs: Entecavir · Lamivudine · Telbivudine · Clevudine
Nucleotide analogues/NtRTIs: Adefovir · Tenofovir

Multiple/general

Nucleic acid inhibitors	Cidofovir

Interferon	Interferon alfa-2b · Peginterferon alfa-2a

Multiple/unknown	Ribavirin #/Taribavirin^†

ErbB2/PI3K Pathway	NOV-205^†

^#WHO-EM. ^†Undergoing clinical trials, not FDA approved. ^‡Withdrawn from market. ^§Development halted.

Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides

Nucleobases

Purine (Adenine, Guanine, Purine analogue) · Pyrimidine (Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, Pyrimidine analogue)

Nucleosides/
(NB+pentose)

Ribonucleosides	Adenosine · Guanosine · Uridine · Cytidine

Deoxyribonucleosides	Deoxyadenosine · Deoxyguanosine · Thymidine · Deoxyuridine · Deoxycytidine

Nucleotides/
(NS+phosphate)

Ribonucleotide	monophosphates (AMP, GMP, UMP, CMP) · diphosphates (ADP, GDP, UDP, CDP) · triphosphates (ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP)

Deoxyribonucleotides	monophosphates (dAMP, dGMP, dUMP, TMP, dCMP) · diphosphates (dADP, dGDP, TDP, dCDP) · triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, TTP, dCTP)

Cyclic	cAMP, cGMP, c-di-GMP, cADPR

Major families of biochemicals
Saccharides/Carbohydrates/Glycosides · Amino acids/Peptides/Proteins/Glycoproteins · Lipids/Terpenes/Steroids/Carotenoids · Alkaloids/Nucleobases/Nucleic acids · Cofactors/Flavonoids/Polyketides/Tetrapyrroles

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