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| Population (2007): | 54,600[1] |
| Area (sq. km.): | 603[2] |
| Majority people | Azeris, Georgians |
| Majority speaking | Azerbaijani, Georgian |
| Religion | Islam, Christianity |
| Capital: | Qakh |
| Number of villages | 58 |
| Number of towns | 1 |
Qakh (Azerbaijani: Qax), also Kakhi (from Georgian კახი) or sometimes Gakh (from Russian: Гах), is a rayon (district) in the north of Azerbaijan, on the border with Georgia.
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History
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The region of Gakh is one of the ancient lands with historical past and one of the centres of culture inhabited by the primitive tribes engaged in Azerbaijan in sedentary cultivation, animal-breeding and art. The archaeological digs revealed many habitations and tumulus referred to the Eneolithic, Bronze and early Iron Age. According to the historical sources the territory of Gakh was under Scythian rule in the early 7th century BC. One could notice the traces of Scythian kingdom and its founders – the Scythian and Sak tribes.
Christianity started to be spread about the territory of the Caucasus Albania at the beginning of our era. Some Christian temples built in the territory of the region Gakh at that time. The state of Albania regressed under Arabic occupation and beginning with the 11th century first Oguz-Seljug Turks and later Gipchag Turks inhabited the territory of today's Gakh. After Albania ended its existence, the region was part of a separate kingdom Hereti within Georgian cultural and political influence. There are data that support the assertion that in the fourth to fifth centuries Hereti was already a political component of Georgia; this is corroborated by surviving Georgian cultural monuments dating to the sixth to eighth centuries. The kingdom of Hereti took part in establishing united Georgian Kingdom after it was incorporated into Georgia in the 8th century.
In the early 17th century, Shah Abbas I of Safavid of Persia took these lands from the king of Kakheti (Eastern Georgian Kingdom) and granted them to the Dagestani feudal clans who enjoyed a degree of autonomy (Djar-Beylakan society, the sultanate of Ilisu). The power of Ilisu sultanate reached so high in the 18th century that the empire of Osmanids gave to Ali Sultan bey the greatest title for that time--pasha "Iki Sanjigli" and recognised him as a beylerbeyi(title) of Sheki.
In 1803 the sultanate of Ilisu annexed to Russian empire. The ruler of the sultanate sultan Daniyal rose people against Russian empire in 1844 for disagreement between him and the government of Russia. Sultan Daniyel lost near the village Ilisu and continued his struggle together with the leader of national movement for freedom Sheykh Shamil. Russians burnt the village Ilisu and divided the territory of the sultanate into mahals (territorial unit) and annexed them to daire (territorial unit)Jar-Balaken and turned to the colony of tsarist Russia.
For the first time in 1918 in the history of Moslem countries of the east established an independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The region was claimed by Georgian Democratic Republic as a part of historical Hereti and Kingdom of Kakheti and shortly occupied by them in 1919. After attack of the Bolshevik Russia in 1920 the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan regressed and established Azerbaijan SSR.
Qakh was part of Georgia's Saingilo region until 1921, when it was transferred by the Soviet government to the Azerbaijan SSR (together with the northernmost districts of Balakan and Zaqatala).
In 1930 in the north-west of the Republic of Azerbaijan appeared the region of Qakh occupying the land about 1494 km2.
Demographics
Consistently with the history and the geographical location of Qakh district, the percentage of Georgians here is much higher than the national average of 0.2%.
| Ethnic composition census (1999)[citation needed] | |
|---|---|
| Azeris | 76.9% |
| Georgians | 14,5% |
| Tsakhurs | 5.1% |
| Lezgins | 1.2% |
| Avars | 0.2% |
| Other/unspecified | 2.2% |
Villages
Sarıbaş, Cəlayer, İlisu, Qaşqaçay, Ağçay, Yeni İlisu, Qaxingiloy, Qaxbaş, Böyük Alatəmir, Kiçik Alatəmir, Meşəbaş, Uzuntala, Xələftala, Keşqutan, Qımır, Qarameşə, Bağtala, Əmircan, Əmbərçay, Qaratala, Qum, Çinarlı, Süskən, Fıstıqlı, Ləkit, Ləkit Kötüklü, Ləkit Malax, Zərnə, Güllük, Qapıçay, Tasmalı, Lələpaşa, Qarabaldır, Zəyəm, Lələli, Qındırğa, Qorağan, Şotavar, Almalı, Dəymədağlı, Şıxlar, Turaclı, Marsan, Çüdüllü, Əlibəyli, Kötüklü, İbaxlı, Qıpçaq, Qaysarlı, Amanlı, Oncallı, Baydarlı, Qazmalar, Tanqıt, Ağyazı, Üzümlü, Armudlu, Malax, Qaxmuğal.
References
- ^ Statistical Yearbook 2007, table 2.19, State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, Baku.
- ^ Qax Rayon: General information on Azerbaijan.az
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