A qalam (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: قلم, Hindi: क़लम) is a type of pen made from a dried reed, used for Arabic calligraphy. The word derives from the Greek word κάλαμος, meaning reed. In modern Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish, the word simply means "pen" or "pencil", while in Hindi and Urdu, the word solely means "pen". It is also the name of a system of Arabic transliteration, suggested in 1985. [1]
In Hebrew the Reed used traditionally used to write torah scrolls is called Qulmus (קולמוס)nowadays Ashkenazim mostly use a quil which they call by the same name, However Sephardim continue to use the traditional reed.
Qalam transliteration
| Arabic alphabet | ﺀ | ﺍ | ﺏ | ﺕ | ﺙ | ﺝ | ﺡ | ﺥ | ﺩ | ﺫ | ﺭ | ﺯ | ﺱ | ﺵ | ﺹ | ﺽ | ﻁ | ﻅ | ﻉ | ﻍ | ﻑ | ﻕ | ﻙ | ﻝ | ﻡ | ﻥ | هـ | ﻭ | ﻱ |
| DIN 31635 | ʾ | ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w/ū | y/ī |
| Qalam | ' | aa | b | t | th | j | H | kh | d | dh | r | z | s | sh | S | D | T | Z | ` | gh | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w | y |
See also
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