Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series of
four colonial wars fought between France and
Great Britain[1] in North America for control of the continent and was the
counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In addition to the two main combatants, the war also involved a number of American Indian tribes and Spain, which was allied to France.
The name "Queen Anne's War" is only used in the United States. In Canada, Britain, and France this war is simply considered a
theatre of the War of the Spanish Succession.
Early in the war, in 1702, the English captured and burned St. Augustine, Florida, then held by the Spanish. However, the
English were unable to take the main fortress of St. Augustine, resulting in the campaign being condemned by the English as a
failure. The Spanish maintained St. Augustine and Pensacola for more than a century after the war, but their mission system in
Florida was destroyed in the conflict, never to be rebuilt. English military aid to the colonists was largely ineffective or
deflected in defense of the areas around Charleston, South Carolina, and the New York–New England frontier with the Canadian
territories. French forces and allied indigenous tribes attacked New England from Canada, destroying Deerfield, Massachusetts, in 1704 in the Deerfield massacre. The Apalachee of Spanish Florida were decimated in what became known as
the Apalachee Massacre of 1704. The surviving Apalachee were relocated to the
Savannah River frontier of South Carolina under a kind of serfdom. They later took part
in the Yamasee War of 1715.
In 1710, British forces led by Francis Nicholson captured Port Royal, capital of the French colony of Acadia. The
following year the British attempted to capture Quebec, the capital of New France, but their fleet was sunk. In 1712, an armistice was declared. Under
terms spelled out in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Britain gained Acadia (renamed
Nova Scotia), the island of Newfoundland, the
Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of
St. Kitts. The peace lasted until the outbreak of the next colonial war, King George's War in 1744.
The British conquest of Acadia would ultimately bring severe consequences for its French inhabitants. In 1755, during the French and Indian War, many would be
expelled from the colony. Some would eventually make their way to Louisiana, where their descendants became known as Cajuns.
Notes
- ^ In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the
Kingdom of Great Britain, sharing a single Parliament at Westminster under the
Act of Union 1707. After this, Scottish troops joined their English counterparts in
all colonial wars.
See also
External links
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