| Quinoline Yellow WS[1] | |
|---|---|
 |
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| IUPAC name |
Sodium 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)quinolinedisulfonate
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| Other names | Food Yellow 13, D&C Yellow No. 10, Acid yellow 3, Quinidine Yellow KT, Japan Yellow 203, Lemon Yellow ZN 3, C.I. 47005 |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 8004-92-0  , [80583-08-0] |
| PubChem | 24671 |
| EC number | 305-897-5 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C18H13NO5/8/11S1/2/3Na1/2/3 |
| Molar mass | 477.38 g/mol |
| Appearance | Greenish yellow powder |
| Melting point |
150 °C (decomp.) |
| Solubility in water | 4 g/100 mL |
| Hazards | |
| R-phrases | R22 |
| S-phrases | S24/25, S28, S37, S45 |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
Quinoline yellow, Quinoline Yellow WS, C.I. 47005, or Food Yellow 13, is a yellow food dye. Chemically it is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione.
The color Quinoline Yellow SS (Spirit Soluble), which lacks the sulfonate groups, is a related form that is insoluble in water.
Contents |
Uses
As a food additive with the E number E104, it is used as colorant that induces a dull yellow, or greenish yellow color[citation needed].
Health effects
A study commissioned by the UK's Food Standards Agency found that a mixture of food colors and preservatives increased levels of hyperactivity and decreased levels of intelligence in children,[2][3] but it is unclear which component of the mixture may be responsible for the effects.[4] Quinoline yellow is one of the colors that the Hyperactive Children's Support Group recommends be eliminated from the diet of children.
UK ministers have agreed that six colorings will be phased out by 2009.[5]
EFSA has decided on 2009-09-23 to tighten the allowed Acceptable Daily Intake for Quinoline Yellow WS from 10 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight per day. It's been reported to cause urticaria and rhinitis. The color additive can also increase the intake of aluminum beyond the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg/week. Therefore the limit for aluminum may become adjusted to accommodate for this. Also the EFSA panel noted that the JECFA limit for lead is ≤ 2 mg/kg whereas the European Commission limit is ≤ 10 mg/kg.[6]
References
- ^ Entry at chemicalland21.com
- ^ Myomancy, 7 September 2007
- ^ Artificial colourings as harmful as leaded petrol for children, Graham Tibbetts, Telegraph, 7 April 2008
- ^ Do food dyes affect kids' behavior?, Melinda Fulmer, Los Angeles Times, October 13, 2008.
- ^ BBC bbc.co.uk - Ministers agree food colour ban 12 November 2008
- ^ "EFSA ::. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive". http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211903028587.htm. 091113 efsa.europa.eu
External links
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