Quinoline Yellow WS

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Quinoline Yellow WS[1]
IUPAC name Sodium 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)quinolinedisulfonate
Other names Food Yellow 13, D&C Yellow No. 10, Acid yellow 3, Quinidine Yellow KT, Japan Yellow 203, Lemon Yellow ZN 3, C.I. 47005
Identifiers
CAS number	8004-92-0 Y,  [80583-08-0]
PubChem	24671
ChemSpider	23070 Y
UNII	35SW5USQ3G Y
EC number	305-897-5
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)c1cc(cc2ccc(nc12)C4C(=O)c3ccccc3C4=O)S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI InChI=1S/C18H11NO8S2.2Na/c20-17-11-3-1-2-4-12(11)18(21)15(17)13-6-5-9-7-10(28(22,23)24)8-14(16(9)19-13)29(25,26)27;;/h1-8,15H,(H,22,23,24)(H,25,26,27);;/q;2*+1/p-2 Y Key: FZUOVNMHEAPVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y InChI=1/C18H11NO8S2.2Na/c20-17-11-3-1-2-4-12(11)18(21)15(17)13-6-5-9-7-10(28(22,23)24)8-14(16(9)19-13)29(25,26)27;;/h1-8,15H,(H,22,23,24)(H,25,26,27);;/q;2*+1/p-2 Key: FZUOVNMHEAPVBW-NUQVWONBAX
Properties
Molecular formula	C18H13NO5/8/11S1/2/3Na1/2/3
Molar mass	477.38 g/mol
Appearance	Greenish yellow powder
Melting point	150 °C (decomp.)
Solubility in water	4 g/100 mL
Hazards
R-phrases	R22
S-phrases	S24/25, S28, S37, S45
Main hazards	Harmful (Xn)
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Quinoline yellow, Quinoline Yellow WS, C.I. 47005, or Food Yellow 13, is a yellow food dye. Chemically it is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione.

The color Quinoline Yellow SS (Spirit Soluble), which lacks the sulfonate groups, is a related form that is insoluble in water.

Uses

Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow food additive, designated in Europe as the E number E104.^[2]

Health effects

A study commissioned by the UK's Food Standards Agency found that a mixture of food colors and preservatives increased levels of hyperactivity and decreased levels of intelligence in children,^[3][4] but it is unclear which component of the mixture may be responsible for the effects.^[5] Quinoline yellow is one of the colors that the Hyperactive Children's Support Group recommends be eliminated from the diet of children.

UK ministers have agreed that six colorings will be phased out by 2009.^[6]

EFSA has decided on 2009-09-23 to tighten the allowed Acceptable Daily Intake for Quinoline Yellow WS from 10 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight per day. It has been reported to cause genotoxicity,^[7] dermatitis,^[8] urticaria and rhinitis.^{[citation needed]} The color additive can also increase the intake of aluminium beyond the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg/week. Therefore the limit for aluminum may become adjusted to accommodate for this. Also the EFSA panel noted that the JECFA limit for lead is ≤ 2 mg/kg whereas the European Commission limit is ≤ 10 mg/kg.^[9]

References

External links

• freepatentsonline.com - Process for purification of quinoline yellow
• efsa.europa.eu - EFSA updates safety advice on six food colours 091112