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Quintus Fabius Pictor

 
Classical Literature Companion: Quintus Fabius Pictor

Fabius Pictor, Quintus, (‘painter’) the earliest Roman historian, whose work survives only in quotations in later writers. (The family name derives from his grandfather who painted a temple c.302 BC.) He was a senator, fought in the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), and was sent to consult the Delphic Oracle after the Roman defeat at Cannae in 216. His history of Rome, which began with its foundation (dated by him to 748 BC) and continued to his own day, was written in Greek partly because Latin prose was not yet a literary medium but also with the purpose of justifying Roman policy to the Greeks. His work probably used pontifical records (see FASTI) and lists of magistrates. He was reliable, and used by Livy and Polybius.

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Quintus Fabius Pictor (c. 254 BC-?) was one of the earliest Roman historians and considered the first of the annalists. A member of the Fabii gens, he was the grandson of Gaius Fabius Pictor, a painter ("pictor" in Latin). He was a senator who fought against the Gauls in 225 BC, and against Carthage in the Second Punic War. He was appointed to travel to the oracle at Delphi for advice after the Roman defeat at the Battle of Cannae.

He wrote in Greek, and is often referred to, somewhat dismissively, as an annalist. In fact, amongst the fragments of Pictor that we have there is no evidence that he wrote annalistic history. He used the chronicles of his own and other important Roman families as sources, and began with the arrival of Aeneas in Latium. His work ended with his own recollections of the Second Punic War, which he blamed entirely on Carthage, especially the Barca family of Hamilcar and Hannibal.

He was used as a source by Plutarch,[1] Polybius, Livy, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and his work had been translated into Latin by the time of Cicero.

Although Polybius uses his writings he does also accuse him of being biased towards the Romans and inconsistent.[2]

He dated the founding of Rome to be in the "first year of the eighth olympiad" or 747 BC, according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, (Book I. ch. 74).

References

  1. ^ Life of Romulus
  2. ^ Polybius, 1:14-15

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