Radioactive Implants: Abnormal results
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Normal cells are subjected to the effects of radiation; any tissue near the radiation site may be damaged or destroyed. Some side effects are acute and temporary, while others develop over time and may be permanent. Skin reactions, such as redness, itching, flaking, or stripping of the top layer, are usually temporary; long-term effects can include scarring, and changes in texture. Radiation recall is a delayed skin side effect in which the area that had been exposed to radiation becomes irritated or blistered after the patient receives certain chemotherapy.
Following treatment for tumors of the head and neck region, the lining of the mouth and throat can become inflamed or irritated, resulting in a condition known as mucositis or stomatitis. Injury to the salivary glands can decrease saliva production, resulting in a condition known as xerostomia, or dry mouth. There also may be alteration in the patient's taste buds, resulting in decrease or loss of taste sensation (hypogeusia or ageusia), or the presence of unpleasant taste, sometimes described as metallic (dysgeusia). Patients may experience nauseaand vomiting as a result of the effect of radiation on the brain. Hair loss (alopecia) may result from radiation's effect on hair follicles.
Radiation's effect on the rapidly growing cells of the gastrointestinal tract may result in diarrhea or abdominal cramping. Pelvic radiation can affect the bowel, bladder, or sexual function. Radiation can also affect production of blood cell components in the bone marrow.
— Kathleen D. Wright, RN
