A city of east-central Poland south of Warsaw. Founded in the 14th century, it passed to Austria in 1795 and to Russia in 1815, reverting to Poland after World War I. Population: 226,000.
Radom
Dictionary:
Ra·dom (rä'dôm)  |
A city of east-central Poland south of Warsaw. Founded in the 14th century, it passed to Austria in 1795 and to Russia in 1815, reverting to Poland after World War I. Population: 226,000.
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| Holocaust: Radom |
City in central Poland, 62 miles south of Warsaw. In 1939, 30,000 Jews lived in Radom, making up one-third of the city's total population.
The Germans occupied Radom on September 8, 1939. The Generalgouvernement was created that October, and Radom became the capital of one of its districts. In December the Germans formed a Judenrat and a Jewish Police force. Soon, many Jews were deported to Forced Labor camps.
By April 1941 all of Radom's Jews were herded into one of two Ghettos, a large one in the city center and a small one in a nearby suburb. The Jews living in the ghettos suffered from hunger and unsanitary conditions. During the first half of 1942, small murder aktionen took place and hundreds were deported to Auschwitz.
The Nazis liquidated the small ghetto on August 5, 1942 with the help of Ukrainian collaborators. Some Jews were shot, others were sent to do forced labor, and the rest were deported to Treblinka. From August 16--18 the large ghetto was also destroyed. A forced labor camp was set up on the site of each ghetto.
Several underground resistance groups were active in Radom. During the Deportations, hundreds of Jews from these groups escaped to the forest; some participated in the Warsaw Polish Uprising in late summer 1944.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Radom |
Radom (rä'dôm), city (1993 est. pop. 230,500), Mazowieckie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and an industrial center. The main products are textiles, glassware, chemicals, and processed food. One of the oldest Polish settlements, Radom probably originated as an assembly place for local diets. Its first church was built in 1187. Casimir the Great of Poland founded the town of New Radom on the site in 1364. It was the seat of Polish diets (14th-16th cent.), of a tribunal (1613-1766), and of the Confederation of Radom (1767), which asked Catherine II of Russia to guarantee the old Polish constitution. Radom passed to Austria in 1795 and to Russia in 1815. It reverted to Poland after World War I.
| Dialing Code: The telephone dialing code for: Radom, Poland |
The country code is: 48
The city code is: 48
| Wikipedia: Radom |
This article is about the city in Poland. For other uses, see Radom (disambiguation).
| Radom | |||
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  Radom
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| Coordinates: 51°24′N 21°10′E / 51.4°N 21.167°E | |||
| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Masovian | ||
| County | city county | ||
| Established | 13th century | ||
| Town rights | 1364 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Andrzej Kosztowniak | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 111.71 km2 (43.1 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 226,372 | ||
| - Density | 2,026.4/km2 (5,248.4/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 371,000 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 26-600 to 26-618 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 48 | ||
| Car plates | WR | ||
| Website | http://www.radom.pl | ||
Radom [ˈradɔm] (
listen) (Yiddish: ראַדאָם/Radom) is a city in central Poland with 221,255 inhabitants. It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship (1975-1998); 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw.
It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and best-attended air show in Poland, held during the last weekend of August. "Radom" is also the popular unofficial name for a semiautomatic 9 mm Para pistol of Polish design (the Model 35/ViS-35) designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc and Jan Skrzypinski (hence the designation "ViS") which had been in production from 1935 to 1945 at the national arsenal located in the city.
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History
The original settlement dates back to 8th–9th century. It was an early mediaeval town in the valley of the Mleczna River (approximately on the location of present-day Old Town). Around the 2nd half of 10th century, it turned into a fortified town called Piotrówka.
Radom was founded in 1340, and it belonged to the Sandomierz Voivodeship (part of Little Poland) of the Kingdom of Poland, later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the partitions of Poland it was held successively by Austria and Russia in the 19th century before returning to Poland after World War I in 1918. The main industries include leather, glass, and chemicals.
Up to the Second World War, like many other cities in interwar Poland, Radom had a significant Jewish population. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 28,700, Jews constituted 11,200 (so around 39% percent).[1]
Important dates
- 1155: first mention about Radom (Pope Adrian IV bull)
- around 1300: Old Radom granted with Środa Śląska rights (city rights based on those of Środa Śląska)
- 1340: Casimir III founds New Radom (Nowy Radom)
- 1360–1370: Casimir III founds St. John's Church
- 1364: Radom granted with Magdeburg law
- 1383: Jadwiga of Poland accepted by a Sejm held in Radom as a king of Poland
- 1401: First union of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania signed in Radom
- 1481: Radom becomes a de-facto capital of Poland after Casimir IV of Poland moves to Lithuania and his son, Saint Casimir to be, ruled the country in his absence from Radom
- 1489: Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, John von Tieffen pays tribute to Casimir IV of Poland in Radom castle
- 1505: a Sejm in Radom passes the Nihil novi constitution and Łaski's Statute, the first real bill of rights of Poland
- 1564: 1800 inhabitants, 180 houses, 14 butchers' shops, two baths and two wells
- 1613: Radom becomes the place where the Highest Fiscal Courts are held
- 1628: Great fire destroys the town
- 1656: Charles X of Sweden stays in town during The Deluge
- 1660: the city plundered by Sweden; after they leave the town has 395 inhabitants and 37 houses
- 1737–1756: Kolegium Pijarów [the Piarists College] school founded
- 1763: Fiscal Tribunal moved to Warsaw; the town has 1370 inhabitants and 137 buildings
- 1795: After the 3rd Partition Radom is annexed by Austria
- 1809: Radom becomes capital of a department of the Duchy of Warsaw
- 1815: Radom, after the Congress of Vienna, becomes part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland
- 1817: First lay school founded
- 1819: Fryderyk August Schnierstein opens a tannery, the date is considered a start of towns industrialization
- 1844: Radom becomes the capital of Radom-Kielce government
- 1867: Creation of Radom government; the sewers are built
- 1885: Dęblin–Dąbrowa Górnicza railway opened
- 1901: electricity plant opened
- 1911: Radom has 51,934 inhabitants
- 1920–1939: Radom becomes a part of the Central Industrial Area (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy); Chemical Plant, arms and munitions factory (Łucznik Arms Factory), gas works, telephone and shoe factories are founded
- 1935: Radom–Warsaw railway opened. It significantly shortened rail distance between Warsaw and Krakow
- 1938: 90,059 inhabitants
- 1939–1945: capital of Radom district of the General Government
- 1942-1944: Radom Ghetto
- January 16, 1945: liberation from German occupation
- 1948–1975: Theatre (Teatr Dramatyczny) and an engineering school are opened.
- 1975: the city becomes the capital of Radom Voivodeship
- June 25, 1976: Huge workers' strike against the communist regime; the town becomes one of the main centres of anti-communist opposition in Poland
- June 4, 1991: Pope John Paul II visits the city
- 1996: Radomska Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska promoted to the rank of a Kazimierz Pułaski Technical University of Radom (Politechnika Radomska)
- 1999: Radom becomes the capital of Radom County of the Masovian Voivodeship
- May 25, 2002: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger visits the city
Current events
In 2007, two pilots died in a fatal accident at the Air Show resulting in the cancellation of the rest of the event. On the 30th of August 2009, also during the air show, another two pilots who represented Belarus were killed when their plane crashed.
Radom was one of the main centres of the strike action taken by Polish health care workers in 2007.
Tourist attractions
- St Waenceslaus church in the Old Town Square
- founded by Leszek I the White, built in the 13th century in gothic style
- St John the Baptist church
- founded by Casimir III, built in the years 1360–1370 in gothic style, and re-constructed many times
- Bernardine church and monastery
- founded by Casimir IV of Poland, built in the years 1468–1507
- Holy Trinity Church
- built in the years 1619–1627 in the baroque style, burned in a fire and was rebuilt in the years 1678–1691
- Gąska's and Esterka's Houses
- 16th / 17th century
- Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
- built in 1785
- Building of city council
- built in the years 1825–1827, designed in classical style by Antonio Corazzi
- City hall
- built in the years 1847–1848
- Cathedral of Virgin Mary
- built in the years 1899–1908 in neo-gothic style
- Tool gates
- built in the 19th century in classical style
Culture
Cinemas
Theatre
- Jan Kochanowski Theatre www
Museums and art galleries
- Jacek Malczewski Museum www
- Modern art museum www
- Scouting Museum
- "Elektrownia" - Power station built in 1903, renewed as a Modern art gallery
- Cultural Heritage Gallery of Radom
- Skansen in Radom www
Education
Radom is home to about 20 schools of higher education:
- Instytut Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Radomiu - department of theology
- Kolegium Nauczycielskie - www
- Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych - www
- Niepubliczne Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych - www
- Niepubliczne Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych TWP - www
- Radom Technical University (Politechnika Radomska) - www
- University College of Environmental Sciences (Prywatna Wyższa Szkoła Ochrony Środowiska) - www
- Radomska Szkoła Zarządzania
- Warsaw Agricultural University - department in Radom (Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie)
- College of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (Kolegium licencjackie Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) - www
- Warsaw University - department in Radom (Uniwersytet Warszawski)- www www
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University - department in Radom (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) - www
- Wyższa Inżynierska Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa i Organizacji Pracy - www
- Higher Business College (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu) - www
- Higher Financial and Banking College (Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Bankowości) - www
- Higher Merchant College (Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa) - www
- Higher Seminary (Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne) - www
- Higher Journalis College (Wyższa Szkoła Dziennikarska) - www
- Zespół Szkół Medycznych - www
Other
At the Western part of Radom, there is a facility for commercial LF transmission (not broadcasting), the Radom longwave transmitter.
Sports
- Radomiak Radom - men's football team, founded in 1910, currently playing in 4th league.
- Jadar Radom - men's volleyball team, founded in 1921, currently playing in extraleague.
- Broń Radom - men's football team, founded in 1926, currently in 3rd league.
- RoSa Sport Radom - men's basketball team, founded in 2004, currently in 2nd league.
Politics
Radom constituency
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Radom constituency
- Ewa Kopacz (PO)
- Dariusz Bąk (PIS)
- Mirosław Maliszewski (PSL)
- Czesław Czechyra (PO)
- Marek Suski (PIS)
- Marek Wikiński (SLD),
- Radosław Witkowski (PO)
- Krzysztof Sońta (PIS)
International relations
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
Twin towns — Sister cities
Notable people
Notable people who have been born, have lived or have worked in Radom:
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See also
References
- ^ Joshua D. Zimmerman, Poles, Jews, and the politics of nationality, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004, ISBN 0299194647, Google Print, p.16
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Radom Official Website - Partner Cities".
(in English and Polish) © 2007 Urząd Miasta Radom. http://www.radom.pl/_portal/118786399846cd5dbe4a35e/Miasta_partnerskie.html. Retrieved 2008-10-23. - ^ "Banská Bystrica Sister Cities". © 2001-2008. http://eng.banskabystrica.sk/main.php?id_kat_for_menu=2367&firmy_slovenska_flag=0. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
External links
- (English) Official web page of Radom in English
- (Polish) Official web page of Radom in Polish
- (Polish) Radom Culture
- (Polish) Radom photo gallery
Media related to Radom at Wikimedia Commons
"Radom". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
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