Cahul District

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Cahul
—  District (Raion)  —
Coat of arms
Country	Republic of Moldova
Administrative center (Oraş-reşedinţă)	Cahul
Established	23 December 1964, 2002
Government
• Raion President	Avram Micinschi (PCRM), since 2011
Area
• Total	1,546 km2 (597 sq mi)
Population (2012)
• Total	124,900
• Density	80.8/km2 (209/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cahul_District&action=edit)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code	299
Area code(s)	+373 39
Car plates	CH
Website	http://www.cahul.md

Cahul is a district (Romanian: raion) in the south of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cahul.^[1] According to the GeoNames geographical database, the population of Cahul is 34,492.^[2]

History

The district has been inhabited since the Stone Age (50-45.000 BC). Two ancient settlements were founded around 1300 BC; archaeologists have found items belonging to the Bronze Age (XV-XIII century). According to estimates of specialists, another village was established here around 300-400 BC. That has been confirmed by the remains of houses burned and the fragments of clay pots. Archaeological monuments recorded repertoire and a settlement arising from employment of Dacia in the Roman Empire and devastated by the Huns in 376. The presence of nomads in these places is attested by the four burial mounds.

Localities with the earliest documented attestation are Crihana Veche, Manta, Valeni, Slobozia Mare, Larga Veche; they were documented for the first time in 1425-1447. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the economy developed in agriculture, winery, and trade, along with an increase in population. On August 1, 1770, near Cahul lake, there was the Battle of Cahul (Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774). It was the most important land battle of the Russo-Turkish War and one of the largest battles of the 18th century. In 1812, after the Russo-Turkish War, there was an intense russification of the native population during the occupation of Basarabia by the Russian Empire during this period (1812–1856, 1878–1917). Between 1813 and 1850, the Tsarist government colonized some of the region with Russians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Gagauz. These ethnic groups now constitute 21% of the population of the district.

In 1856-1878, the district became part of the Romania after the Crimean War. After the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania in this period (1918–1940, 1941–1944), the district was the center of Cahul County. In 1940, after Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty, Basarabia was occupied by the USSR. In 1991, as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova, part and residence of the Cahul County (1991–2003). In 2003, Cahul became an administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Physical map of Cahul District

Cahul district is located in the southern part of the Republic of Moldova. The district is located in the extreme south point of Moldova in Giurgiulesti village. Does the neighborhood: Cantemir District in the north, northeast Gagauzia, Taraclia District in eastern, Ukraine border state in the south and Romania in the west. The land is made up of hilly plain relief with variations in altitude from 230–240 m in the north (Plateau Tigheci), 5–10 m, near the Danube. The erosion processes with a medium intensity.

Climate

The climate is temperate continental of southern zone feature. The region is considered the most arid and hottest in Moldova. Temperatures were 2-3 C higher than the other regions. The amount of precipitation during the year is uneven (400–550 mm) and there are often periods of drought.

Fauna

Animal life includes typical European steppe fauna, with the presence of mammals, such as foxes, hedgehogs, deer, wild boar, polecat, wild cat, ermine and others. Birds include partridges, crows, eagles, starling and swallow.

Flora

Forests occupy 11.5% of the district. They are made up of tree species such as acacia, oak, ash, hornbeam, linden, maple and walnut. Other plant life includes wormwood, denial, knotweed, fescue and nettle.

Rivers

The hydrographic network is based on the Prut River and the Danube River, which forms over classes meadows, ponds, natural lake. In the district are the two biggest natural lakes in Moldova, Manta (21 km2) and Beleu (11 km2). A portion of 1,200 meters is accessible from the Danube to the Black Sea, and basins of Central and Eastern Europe.

Administrative sundivisions

• Localities: 56
  • Administrative center: Cahul
    • Cities: Cahul
      • Villages: 18
        • Communes: 37

Demographics

As of 1 January 2012, the district population was 124,900, of which 31.9% is urban and 68.1% is thte rural population

• Births (2010): 1524 (12.2 per 1000)
• Deaths (2010): 1466 (11.7 per 1000)
• Growth Rate (2010): 58 (0.5 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

Religion

• Christians - 94.3%
  • Orthodox Christians - 89.3%
  • Protestant - 5.0%
    • Baptists - 3.5%
    • Seventh-day Adventists - 1.2%
    • Pentecostals - 0.2%
    • Evangelicals - 0.1%
• Other - 2.8%
• No Religion - 2.4%
• Atheists - 0.5%

Economy

In terms of economic development, Cahul district is characterized by a development of industries based primarily on various raw materials. Among the industries processing agricultural raw materials are the wine industry with 11 private wineries and 8 bakeries. In the cheese industry, there is a factory, collecting cereal - 2 enterprises, processing vegetables and fruits. Light industry is present in two garment factories (SA Tricon and Laboratorio Tessala Mol SRL). Building materials are present in plant and plant ceramsite concrete. Agriculture is the main branch of the district. Of the total 154,600 ha, 64% is agricultural land. The largest share of arable land have - 81%, perennial plantations incumbent - 18%, vegetable plantations - 1%.

Education

The total educational institutions is 129. The total number of students (student teachers) for schools is 23,059, colleges is 1,450, polyvalent vocational schools is 776, universities is 2,547, and sports schools is 585.

Culture

In total in the district are four museums, artistic 85 bands with the title of model 25, houses of culture 47, libraries 48.

Politics

Cahul district is granted priority in mainly right-wing parties. In Moldova, Cahul is represented by the AEI. The PCRM has had a continuous fall in percentage the last three elections.

During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 43.2%

Elections

Health

Cahul district has a hospital with 500 beds, a center of family doctors, 28 family doctors' offices, 9 health center's and 12 medical points.

Tourism

• The "Nufărul Alb" ("White Nymphaea") Balneotherapy and Well-being Centre, located in Cahul, is well known for its thermal spas.
• Old Rite Orthodox Church in Cahul city
• Cathedral of St. Michael and Gabriel in Cahul
• Monument to heroes of the Battle of Larga 1770, Badicul Moldovenesc

See also

• Cahul County
• Talk: Cahul district (Romanian)

References

• District population per year
• Descrierea generală a raionului Cahul
• Rezultatele alegerilor din 28 noiembrie 2010 în raionul Cahul

External links

• District site

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cahul District

v t e Administrative divisions of Moldova Districts Anenii Noi Basarabeasca Briceni Cahul Cantemir Călăraşi Căuşeni Cimişlia Criuleni Donduşeni Drochia Dubăsari Edineţ Făleşti Floreşti Glodeni Hînceşti Ialoveni Leova Nisporeni Ocniţa Orhei Rezina Rîşcani Sîngerei Soroca Străşeni Şoldăneşti Ştefan Vodă Taraclia Teleneşti Ungheni Autonomous regions Găgăuzia Transnistria1 Municipalities Bălţi Bender Chişinău 1 The political status of Transnistria is not settled.

Coordinates: 45°50′N 28°20′E / 45.833°N 28.333°E / 45.833; 28.333