Ramón Grau

Ramón Grau
15th President of Cuba
In office 10 October 1944 – 10 October 1948
Vice President	Raul de Cardenas Echarte
Preceded by	Fulgencio Batista
Succeeded by	Carlos Prío Socarrás
7th President of Cuba
In office 10 September 1933 – 15 January 1934
Vice President	None
Preceded by	Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada
Succeeded by	Carlos Hevia
Born	September 13, 1887(1887-09-13) La Palma, Pinar del Rio Cuba
Died	July 28, 1969 (aged 81) Havana, Cuba
Nationality	Cuban
Political party	Cuban Revolutionary Party
Other political affiliations	PRC-A
Alma mater	University of Havana
Occupation	Medical Doctor

Dr. Ramón Grau San Martín (September 13, 1887, La Palma, Pinar del Rio, Cuba – July 28, 1969, Havana, Cuba) was a Cuban physician and the 7th and 15th President of Cuba (1933–1934, 1944–1948).

Youth

His father, a rich tobacco grower, wanted him to continue in his footsteps, but he wanted to be a doctor. He studied at the University of Havana and graduated in 1908 with a degree of Doctor of Medicine. He then lived in Europe to expand his medical knowledge and returned to Cuba in 1921 and became a professor of physiology at the University of Havana.

Activism and the Revolution of 1933

In the 1920s he was involved with the student protests against then-president Gerardo Machado, and in 1931 he was jailed. Upon his release he went into exile in the United States.

Though he initially became President, he was eventually marginalized by army chief of staff Fulgencio Batista, who distanced the military from other elements of the revolution and became de facto leader of Cuba behind the scenes. Batista forced Grau's resignation in 1934. That same year he went on to found the Partido Auténtico.

His niece, Pola Grau Alsina (1915-2000), served as First Lady of Cuba.

Constitution of 1940

Grau was instrumental in passing the 1940 Constitution of Cuba. For much of the Constitutional Convention, he served as the presiding officer (even after his coalition was pushed into the minority after the defection of one of the parties that formed it). He would eventually come to be replaced by Carlos Márquez Sterling.

In 1940 Grau ran in the presidential election and lost to Fulgencio Batista. Most independent observers at the time qualified the 1940 election as free and fair elections.

Election of 1944

In 1944 Grau won the popular vote in the presidential election and served until 1948. Despite his initial popularity in 1933, accusations of corruption tainted his administration's image, and a sizable number of Cubans began to distrust him.

After turning over the presidency to his protégé, Carlos Prío, in 1948, Grau virtually withdrew from public life. He emerged again in 1952 to oppose Batista's coup d'état. Grau ran for president in the 1954 and 1958 Batista-sponsored elections but withdrew just prior to each election day, claiming government fraud. After the Cuban revolution and the rise of Fidel Castro in 1959, Grau retired to his home in Havana, where he died on July 28, 1969.

References

• Otero, Juan Joaquin (1954). Libro De Cuba, Una Enciclopedia Ilustrada Que Abarca Las Artes, Las Letras, Las Ciencias, La Economia, La Politica, La Historia, La Docencia, Y ElProgreso General De La Nacion Cubana - Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba, 1902-1952.  (Spanish)
• Argote-Freyre, Frank. Fulgencio Batista: Volume 1, From Revolutionary to Strongman. Rutgers University Press, Rutgers, New Jersey. ISBN 0-8135-3701-0. 2006.

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