Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 also known as CCL5 or RANTES is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene.[1]
Function
CCL5 is an 8kDa protein classified as a chemotactic cytokine or chemokine. CCL5 is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils, and basophils, and plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites. With the help of particular cytokines (i.e., IL-2 and IFN-γ) that are released by T cells, CCL5 also induces the proliferation and activation of certain natural-killer (NK) cells to form CHAK (CC-Chemokine-activated killer) cells.[2] It is also an HIV-suppressive factor released from CD8+ T cells. This chemokine has been localized to chromosome 17 in humans.[3]
RANTES was first identified in a search for genes expressed "late" (3–5 days) after T cell activation. It was subsequently determined to be a CC chemokine and expressed in more than 100 human diseases. RANTES expression is regulated in T lymphocytes by Kruppel like factor 13 (KLF13).[4][5][6][7]
History
CCL5 was earlier called Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted, abbreviated RANTES.
Interactions
CCL5 has been shown to interact with CCR3,[8][9] CCR5[10][9][11] and CCR1.[9][11]
References
- ^ Donlon TA, Krensky AM, Wallace MR, Collins FS, Lovett M, Clayberger C (March 1990). "Localization of a human T-cell-specific gene, RANTES (D17S136E), to chromosome 17q11.2-q12". Genomics 6 (3): 548–53. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90485-D. PMID 1691736.
- ^ Maghazachi et al., CC chemokines induce the generation of killer cells from CD56+ cells, Eur J Immunol. 1996, 26:315-9. PMID 8617297
- ^ Donlon et al. Localization of a human T-cell-specific gene, CCL5 (D17S136E), to chromosome 17q11.2-q12. Genomics 5: 548-553, 1990. PMID 1691736
- ^ Schall TJ, Jongstra J, Dyer BJ, Jorgensen J, Clayberger C, Davis MM, Krensky AM (August 1988). "A human T cell-specific molecule is a member of a new gene family". J. Immunol. 141 (3): 1018–25. PMID 2456327. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2456327.
- ^ Alan M. Krensky (1995). Biology of the Chemokine in Rantes (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit). R G Landes Co. ISBN 1-57059-253-5.
- ^ Song A, Chen YF, Thamatrakoln K, Storm TA, Krensky AM (January 1999). "RFLAT-1: a new zinc finger transcription factor that activates RANTES gene expression in T lymphocytes". Immunity 10 (1): 93–103. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80010-2. PMID 10023774.
- ^ Song A, Nikolcheva T, Krensky AM (October 2000). "Transcriptional regulation of RANTES expression in T lymphocytes". Immunol. Rev. 177: 236–45. doi:10.1034/j.1600-065X.2000.17610.x. PMID 11138780.
- ^ Daugherty, B L; Siciliano S J, DeMartino J A, Malkowitz L, Sirotina A, Springer M S (May. 1996). "Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor". J. Exp. Med. (UNITED STATES) 183 (5): 2349-54. ISSN 0022-1007. PMID 8642344.
- ^ a b c Struyf, S; Menten P, Lenaerts J P, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul. 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". Eur. J. Immunol. (Germany) 31 (7): 2170-8. ISSN 0014-2980. PMID 11449371.
- ^ Slimani, Hocine; Charnaux Nathalie, Mbemba Elisabeth, Saffar Line, Vassy Roger, Vita Claudio, Gattegno Liliane (Oct. 2003). "Interaction of RANTES with syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 expressed by human primary macrophages". Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Netherlands) 1617 (1-2): 80-8. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 14637022.
- ^ a b
See also
Further reading
- Muthumani K, Desai BM, Hwang DS, et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Vpr and anti-inflammatory activity.". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 239–47. doi:10.1089/104454904773819824. PMID 15142381.
- Zhao RY, Elder RT (2005). "Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation.". Cell Res. 15 (3): 143–9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290279. PMID 15780175.
- Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT (2005). "HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses.". Indian J. Med. Res. 121 (4): 270–86. PMID 15817944.
- Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, et al. (2006). "Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.". Cell Res. 15 (11-12): 923–34. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370. PMID 16354571.
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1b3a: TOTAL CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND HIGH-RESOLUTION CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE POTENT ANTI-HIV PROTEIN AOP-RANTES
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1hrj: HUMAN RANTES, NMR, 13 STRUCTURES
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1rtn: PROTON NMR ASSIGNMENTS AND SOLUTION CONFORMATION OF RANTES, A CHEMOKINE OF THE CC TYPE
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1rto: PROTON NMR ASSIGNMENTS AND SOLUTION CONFORMATION OF RANTES, A CHEMOKINE OF THE CC TYPE
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1u4l: human RANTES complexed to heparin-derived disaccharide I-S
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1u4m: human RANTES complexed to heparin-derived disaccharide III-S
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1u4p: Crystal Structure of human RANTES mutant K45E
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1u4r: Crystal Structure of human RANTES mutant 44-AANA-47
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