recusation

n.

[L. recusatio: cf. F. récusation.]

1. Refusal. [Obs.]

2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality. Blackstone.

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The process of disqualification of a judge, jury, or administrative hearing officer by reason of prejudice, bias, or interest in the subject matter. Judges may be recused by the objections of either party or they may voluntarily disqualify themselves if they fear they may not act in an impartial manner. 103 So. 835. Under most state statutes, judges may also be disqualified because they are closely related to a party litigant, 190 S.E. 654. The appearance of impropriety must be avoided at all costs.

IN BRIEF: n. - (law) an objection grounded on the judge's relationship to one of the parties; (law) the disqualification of a judge or jury by reason of prejudice or conflict of interest.

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The noun has 2 meanings:

Meaning #1: (law) the disqualification of a judge or jury by reason of prejudice or conflict of interest; a judge can be recused by objections of either party or judges can disqualify themselves
  Synonym: recusal

Meaning #2: (law) an objection grounded on the judge's relationship to one of the parties

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