The red reflex refers to the reddish-orange reflection from the eye's retina that is observed when using an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope from approximately 30 cm / 1 foot. This examination usually done in a dimly lit or dark room.
Many eye problems may be detected by this test, such as:
Newborns are regularly screened for retinoblastomas with an ophthalmoscope.
According to Bate's Guide to Physical Exams, retinal detachment would result in the absence of red reflex in the affected eye.
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