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Refus Global

 
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Canadian manifesto launched on 9 August 1948 at the Librairie Tranquille, Montreal. It was written by the painter Paul-Emile Borduas and signed by 15 of his young followers, LES AUTOMATISTES, among whom Jean-Paul Riopelle, Pierre Gauvreau (b 1922) and Fernand Leduc were the most important. Four hundred copies were printed. In addition to a major essay by Borduas, a glossary and a short text in which Borduas disassociated Les Automatistes from Surrealism, the manifesto included the texts of two dramas by Claude Gauvreau (1925-71), Bien-?tre and L'Ombre sur le cerceau; a piece by Fran?oise Sullivan (b 1927) entitled 'La Danse et l'espoir'; 'L'Oeuvre picturale est une exp?rience' by Bruno Cormier; and a proclamation by Fernand Leduc. The cover was designed by Riopelle and Pierre Gauvreau and some photographs of Automatiste works were included.

See the Abbreviations for further details.


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Le Refus global, or Total Refusal, was an anti-establishment and anti-religious manifesto released on August 9, 1948 in Montreal by a group of sixteen young Québécois artists and intellectuals that included Paul-Émile Borduas and Jean-Paul Riopelle, .

Le Refus Global originated from a group called Les Automatistes, led by Paul-Émile Borduas. This group created abstract paintings inspired by French surrealists of the time and scorned all academic teaching available at the time in Quebec. The signatories were also highly influenced by French poet André Breton's stream-of-consciousness style and extolled the creative force of the subconscious.

Le Refus Global was a manifesto that completely rejected the social, artistic and psychological norms and values of Québécois society at the time. Calling for "an untamed need for liberation," the manifesto cried out for "resplendent anarchy" and criticized the "cassocks that have remained the sole repositories of faith, knowledge, truth, and national wealth.[1]" Pierre Gauvreau, one of the signatories, said that the main message of the manifesto is that "God does not exist.[2]" Of the 400 published copies of Le Refus Global, selling for a dollar a piece, only about half of them were sold. Notwithstanding, this manifesto caused an uproar, and as a result of this manifesto, Borduas lost his job at the Ecole du Meuble.[3] Later, the manifesto was translated into different languages and was read in America and Europe.

It has been said by commentators that from the publication of this manifesto, "modern French Canada began",[4] while CBC calls it "one of the most important and controversial artistic and social documents in modern Quebec society".[5] Along with the publication of Les insolences du Frère Untel (the Insolences of Brother So-and-so), the Asbestos miners' strike of 1949, and the Maurice Richard Riot of 1955, Le Refus Global is widely seen to have been one of the fundamental causes of the Quiet Revolution.

Contents

Signatories

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Refus Global by Paul-Émile Borduas
  2. ^ CBC Archives: Launching of Le Refus Global
  3. ^ Time.com: Resplendent Anarchy
  4. ^ The Automatists and the Book
  5. ^ Le Refus Global: Revolution in the Arts

External links


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