Renal artery

Artery: Renal artery
Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed
1. Renal pyramid 2. Efferent artery 3. Renal artery 4. Renal vein 5. Renal hilum 6. Renal pelvis 7. Ureter 8. Minor calyx 9. Renal capsule 10. Inferior renal capsule 11. Superior renal capsule 12. Afferent vein 13. Nephron 14. Minor calyx 15. Major calyx 16. Renal papilla 17. Renal column
Latin	arteria renalis
Gray's	subject #154 610
Supplies	kidneys
Source	abdominal aorta
Branches	inferior suprarenal artery, segmental arteries
Drain	renal vein
MeSH	Renal+Artery

The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta.

The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys.

The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein.

It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm,^[1] 0.26 cm at the root.^[2]

Asymmetries before reaching kidney

Due to the position of the aorta, the inferior vena cava and the kidneys in the body, the right renal artery is normally longer than the left renal artery.

• The right passes behind the inferior vena cava, the right renal vein, the head of the pancreas, and the descending part of the duodenum.
• The left is somewhat higher than the right; it lies behind the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the lienal vein, and is crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein.

At kidney

Before reaching the hilus of the kidney, each artery divides into four or five branches; the greater number of these (anterior branches) lie between the renal vein and ureter, the vein being in front, the ureter behind, but one or more branches (posterior branches) are usually situated behind the ureter.

Each vessel gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles.

One or two accessory renal arteries are frequently found, more especially on the left side they usually arise from the aorta, and may come off above or below the main artery, the former being the more common position. Instead of entering the kidney at the hilus, they usually pierce the upper or lower part of the organ.

Diseases of the renal arteries

Renal artery stenosis, or narrowing of one or both renal arteries will lead to hypertension as the affected kidneys release renin to increase blood pressure to preserve perfusion to the kidneys. RAS is diagnosed with an MRA (magnet-resonance scan) of abdomen. It is treated with the use of balloon angioplasty and stents, if necessary.

Atherosclerosis can also affect the renal arteries and can lead to poor perfusion of the kidneys leading to reduced kidney function and, possibly, renal failure.

Additional images

Frontal section through the kidney

Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses.

The posterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing areas of relation to the parietes.

Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal.

Kidney

References

External links

• MedlinePlus Image 9818
• SUNY Labs 40:11-0105 - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Branches of the Abdominal Aorta"

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