Renal chloride reabsorption: Information from Answers.com

Renal reabsorption of chloride (Cl^-) is a part of renal physiology, in order not to lose too much chloride in the urine.

Overview table

Characteristics of Cl^- reabsorption
Characteristic	proximal tubule			loop of Henle			Distal convoluted tubule	Collecting duct system
Characteristic	S1	S2	S3	descending limb	thin ascending limb	thick ascending limb	Distal convoluted tubule	connecting tubule	initial collecting tubule	cortical collecting ducts	medullary collecting ducts
reabsorption (%)
reabsorption (mmoles/day)
Concentration (mM)	115^[1]		135^[1]
electrical driving force (mV)	-3^[2]		+3^[2]			+15^[2]	-5 to +5^[2]			-40^[2]
chemical driving force (mV)
electrochemical driving force (mV)	(positive) ^[3]
apical transport proteins	(passively)^[3]		Cl-formate exchanger Cl-oxalate exchanger Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchanger Cl^--OH^- exchanger			Na-K-2Cl cotransporter^[1]	Na-Cl cotransporter^[1]			principal cells: paracellularily^[1] β intercalated cells: Cl-HCO₃^- exchanger^[1]
basolateral transport proteins			chloride channels^[1] Cl-K cotransporter^[1]			chloride channels^[1]	chloride channels^[1]			chloride channels
Other reabsorption features

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 780
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 777
^ ^a ^b Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 779

v • d • e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid-base physiology

Filtration	Renal blood flow · Ultrafiltration · Countercurrent exchange · Filtration fraction

Hormones affecting filtration	Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) · Aldosterone · Atrial natriuretic peptide

Secretion/clearance	Pharmacokinetics · Clearance of medications · Urine flow rate

Reabsorption	Solvent drag · Na⁺ · Cl^- · urea · glucose · oligopeptides · protein

Endocrine	Renin · Erythropoietin (EPO) · Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) · Prostaglandins

Assessing Renal function/ Measures of dialysis	Glomerular filtration rate · Creatinine clearance · Renal clearance ratio · Urea reduction ratio · Kt/V · Standardized Kt/V · Hemodialysis product · PAH clearance (Effective renal plasma flow · Extraction ratio)

Acid-base physiology	Fluid balance · Darrow Yannet diagram · Body water · Interstitial fluid · Extracellular fluid · Intracellular fluid/Cytosol · Plasma · Transcellular fluid · Base excess · Davenport diagram · Anion gap · Arterial blood gas · Winter's formula

Buffering/compensation	Bicarbonate buffering system · Respiratory compensation · Renal compensation

Other	Fractional sodium excretion · BUN-to-creatinine ratio · Tubuloglomerular feedback · Natriuresis

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