Renal colic

Renal colic is a type of pain commonly caused by kidney stones.

Presentation

The pain typically begins in the loin region and often radiates to the hypochondrium or the groin. The pain is often colicky (comes in waves) due to ureteric peristalsis, but may be constant. It may come in two varieties: dull and acute; the acute variation is particularly unpleasant and is often described as one of the strongest pain sensations felt by humans (including the pain of labor pains in a female).^[1]

Depending on the type and size/s of the kidney stones moving through the urinal tract the pain may be stronger in the renal or bladder area or equally strong in both. In lower obstructions, males may get pain in the genitals.

Prognosis and treatment

Most small stones are passed spontaneously and only pain management is required. Diclofenac IM or IV drip of opiates like pethidine or morphine and antispasmodics like Hyoscine butyl bromide can be used. Lying down on the non-aching side and applying a hot bottle or towel to the area affected may help. Additionally, submersion in a hot bath may help alleviate the pain. If the pain is not too intense, a more speedy release of the stones may be achieved by walking. Larger stones may require surgical intervention for their removal.

See also

• Kidney stones

References