RGS4: Information from Answers.com

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Regulator of G-protein signalling 4

PDB rendering based on 1agr.

Available structures

1agr, 1ezt, 1ezy

Identifiers

Symbols

RGS4; MGC2124; MGC60244; RGP4; SCZD9

External IDs

OMIM: 602516 MGI: 108409 HomoloGene: 4100

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• signal transducer activity • GTPase activator activity • calmodulin binding
Biological process	• inactivation of MAPK activity • regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • negative regulation of signal transduction

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq

NM_005613 (mRNA)

NM_009062 (mRNA)

NP_005604 (protein)

NP_033088 (protein)

Location

Chr 1:
161.31 - 161.31 Mb

Chr 1:
171.58 - 171.58 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 or RGS4 is a protein which regulates G protein signaling.^[1] A number of studies associate the RGS4 gene with schizophrenia,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] while some fail to detect an association.^[6]

RGS4 is also of interest as one of the three main RGS proteins (along with RGS9 and RGS17) involved in terminating signalling by the mu opioid receptor,^[7] and may be important in the development of tolerance to opioid drugs.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulate signaling upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm.^[1]

^[13]

1 Inhibitors
2 Interactions
3 References
4 Further reading

Inhibitors

cyclic peptides ^[14]
CCG-4986 ^[15]

Interactions

RGS4 has been shown to interact with ERBB3,^[16] GNAQ^[17]^[18] and COPB2.^[19]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: RGS4 regulator of G-protein signalling 4". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5999.
^ Stefanis NC, Trikalinos TA, Avramopoulos D, Smyrnis N, Evdokimidis I, Ntzani EE, Hatzimanolis A, Ioannidis JP, Stefanis CN (2008). "Association of RGS4 variants with schizotypy and cognitive endophenotypes at the population level". Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF 4: 46. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-46. PMID 18834502.
^ Prasad KM, Almasy L, Gur RC, Gur RE, Pogue-Geile M, Chowdari KV, Talkowski ME, Nimgaonkar VL (March 2009). "RGS4 Polymorphisms Associated With Variability of Cognitive Performance in a Family-Based Schizophrenia Sample". Schizophrenia Bulletin. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp002. PMID 19282471.
^ Dean B, Boer S, Gibbons A, Money T, Scarr E (March 2009). "Recent advances in postmortem pathology and neurochemistry in schizophrenia". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 22 (2): 154–60. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328323d52e. PMID 19553869.
^ Ding L, Hegde AN (March 2009). "Expression of RGS4 splice variants in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients". Biological Psychiatry 65 (6): 541–5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.026. PMID 19041089.
^ Stuart Gibbons A, Scarr E, McOmish CE, Hannan AJ, Thomas EA, Dean B (August 2008). "Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 expression is not altered in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42 (8): 740–5. doi:10.1080/00048670802206338. PMID 18622782.
^ Hooks SB, Martemyanov K, Zachariou V (January 2008). "A role of RGS proteins in drug addiction". Biochemical Pharmacology 75 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.045. PMID 17880927.
^ Grillet N, Pattyn A, Contet C, Kieffer BL, Goridis C, Brunet JF (May 2005). "Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25 (10): 4221–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.10.4221-4228.2005. PMID 15870291.
^ Garzón J, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, de la Torre-Madrid E, Sánchez-Blázquez P (June 2005). "Effector antagonism by the regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins causes desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in the CNS". Psychopharmacology 180 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2248-9. PMID 15830230.
^ Georgoussi Z, Leontiadis L, Mazarakou G, Merkouris M, Hyde K, Hamm H (June 2006). "Selective interactions between G protein subunits and RGS4 with the C-terminal domains of the mu- and delta-opioid receptors regulate opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling 18 (6): 771–82. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.07.003. PMID 16120478.
^ Leontiadis LJ, Papakonstantinou MP, Georgoussi Z (July 2009). "Regulator of G protein signaling 4 confers selectivity to specific G proteins to modulate mu- and delta-opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling 21 (7): 1218–28. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.013. PMID 19324084.
^ Wang Q, Liu-Chen LY, Traynor JR (July 2009). "Differential Modulation of {micro}- and {delta}-Opioid Receptor Agonists by Endogenous RGS4 Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284 (27): 18357–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.015453. PMID 19416973.
^ Gene Overview of All Published Schizophrenia-Association Studies for RGS4 - SZGene Database at schizophreniaforum.org
^ Jin Y, Zhong H, Omnaas JR, Neubig RR, Mosberg HI (2004). "Structure-based design, synthesis, and activity of peptide inhibitors of RGS4 GAP activity". Methods in Enzymology 389: 266–77. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(04)89016-5. PMID 15313571.
^ Roman DL, Talbot JN, Roof RA, Sunahara RK, Traynor JR, Neubig RR (January 2007). "Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of RGS4 using a high-throughput flow cytometry protein interaction assay". Molecular Pharmacology 71 (1): 169–75. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028670. PMID 17012620.
^ Thaminy, Safia; Auerbach Daniel, Arnoldo Anthony, Stagljar Igor (Jul. 2003). "Identification of novel ErbB3-interacting factors using the split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system". Genome Res. (United States) 13 (7): 1744–53. doi:10.1101/gr.1276503. ISSN 1088-9051. PMID 12840049.
^
^ Druey, K M; Sullivan B M, Brown D, Fischer E R, Watson N, Blumer K J, Gerfen C R, Scheschonka A, Kehrl J H (Jul. 1998). "Expression of GTPase-deficient Gialpha2 results in translocation of cytoplasmic RGS4 to the plasma membrane". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (29): 18405–10. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9660808.
^ Sullivan, B M; Harrison-Lavoie K J, Marshansky V, Lin H Y, Kehrl J H, Ausiello D A, Brown D, Druey K M (Sep. 2000). "RGS4 and RGS2 bind coatomer and inhibit COPI association with Golgi membranes and intracellular transport". Mol. Biol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 11 (9): 3155–68. ISSN 1059-1524. PMID 10982407.

Levitt P, Ebert P, Mirnics K, et al. (2006). "Making the case for a candidate vulnerability gene in schizophrenia: Convergent evidence for regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4).". Biol. Psychiatry 60 (6): 534–7. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.028. PMID 16860780.
Druey KM, Blumer KJ, Kang VH, Kehrl JH (1996). "Inhibition of G-protein-mediated MAP kinase activation by a new mammalian gene family.". Nature 379 (6567): 742–6. doi:10.1038/379742a0. PMID 8602223.
Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG (1996). "GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits.". Cell 86 (3): 445–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80117-8. PMID 8756726.
Heximer SP, Watson N, Linder ME, et al. (1998). "RGS2/G0S8 is a selective inhibitor of Gqalpha function.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (26): 14389–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14389. PMID 9405622.
Srinivasa SP, Bernstein LS, Blumer KJ, Linder ME (1998). "Plasma membrane localization is required for RGS4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (10): 5584–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5584. PMID 9576926.
Druey KM, Sullivan BM, Brown D, et al. (1998). "Expression of GTPase-deficient Gialpha2 results in translocation of cytoplasmic RGS4 to the plasma membrane.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (29): 18405–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18405. PMID 9660808.
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Wang J, Ducret A, Tu Y, et al. (1998). "RGSZ1, a Gz-selective RGS protein in brain. Structure, membrane association, regulation by Galphaz phosphorylation, and relationship to a Gz gtpase-activating protein subfamily.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26014–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.26014. PMID 9748280.
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Posner BA, Mukhopadhyay S, Tesmer JJ, et al. (1999). "Modulation of the affinity and selectivity of RGS protein interaction with G alpha subunits by a conserved asparagine/serine residue.". Biochemistry 38 (24): 7773–9. doi:10.1021/bi9906367. PMID 10387017.
Tu Y, Popov S, Slaughter C, Ross EM (2000). "Palmitoylation of a conserved cysteine in the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain modulates the GTPase-activating activity of RGS4 and RGS10.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (53): 38260–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.53.38260. PMID 10608901.
Moy FJ, Chanda PK, Cockett MI, et al. (2000). "1H, 15N, 13C, and 13CO assignments and secondary structure determination of RGS4.". J. Biomol. NMR 15 (4): 339–40. doi:10.1023/A:1008343609739. PMID 10685342.
Popov SG, Krishna UM, Falck JR, Wilkie TM (2000). "Ca2+/Calmodulin reverses phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate-dependent inhibition of regulators of G protein-signaling GTPase-activating protein activity.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (25): 18962–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001128200. PMID 10747990.
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Chatterjee TK, Fisher RA (2000). "Cytoplasmic, nuclear, and golgi localization of RGS proteins. Evidence for N-terminal and RGS domain sequences as intracellular targeting motifs.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (31): 24013–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002082200. PMID 10791963.
Chatterjee TK, Fisher RA (2000). "Novel alternative splicing and nuclear localization of human RGS12 gene products.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29660–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000330200. PMID 10869340.
Sullivan BM, Harrison-Lavoie KJ, Marshansky V, et al. (2000). "RGS4 and RGS2 bind coatomer and inhibit COPI association with Golgi membranes and intracellular transport.". Mol. Biol. Cell 11 (9): 3155–68. PMID 10982407.
Dowal L, Elliott J, Popov S, et al. (2001). "Determination of the contact energies between a regulator of G protein signaling and G protein subunits and phospholipase C beta 1.". Biochemistry 40 (2): 414–21. doi:10.1021/bi001923+. PMID 11148035.
Richardson RM, Marjoram RJ, Barr AJ, Snyderman R (2001). "RGS4 inhibits platelet-activating factor receptor phosphorylation and cellular responses.". Biochemistry 40 (12): 3583–8. doi:10.1021/bi0019242. PMID 11297424.